Study On Sustainable Development Of The Forest Resources-Environment-Economy Compound System Of The State-owned Forest Regions In Heilongjiang Province

After half a century of development and construction, the key state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang province had produced a large number of timber products, which made a significant contribution for the country’s economic development and social progress. But at the same time, the forest areas are set with a resource crisis, economic doom and gloom, the ecological environment also will continue to deteriorate. From April 1,2014, the government carried out comprehensive policies to stop the commercial logging of natural forests in the key state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang province, which indicates the development of state-owned forest regions enter into a critical stage. And we must solve the era issue of sustainable development of resource, economy and society. Meanwhile, on this critical time, the commercially logging of natural forests is stopped, which means the future development of state-owned forest community will undergo significant transformation. The sustainable development of forestry is challenged and the orientation of the state-owned forest regions’development urgently needs to be decided. This paper reexamines and reevaluates the sustainable development ability and level of forest areas in the country from completely new perspectives of vast woodland resources owned by the state-owned forest regions, ecological products meet the social requirements and various economical resources are under green conditions. We are changing the traditional evaluating mechanism where the recoverable resources are taken as the main body.And we explore the ways to develop state-owned forest regions sustainably under new conditions, hoping to provide theoretical support and suggestions to the governments when they formulate the operating policies of state-owned forest regions.Firstly, on the bases of existing researches and the theories of Sustainable Development, Complex Systems Theory and Ecological Theory, with the Forest Resources-Economy-Environment Compound System (FEES) of the state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang province, we fulfilled the site research, exploration and data collecting to find out the relevant basic data of the individual Forestry Bureau’s FEES in Heilongjiang province. And we define the structure of the FEES of the state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang province according to the research data and analyze the relationship between the various subsystems from the point of view of the coupling mechanism. Study shows that the sustainable development of the FEES of the state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang province is a dynamic coupling process, which is based on the sustainable development of the forest resources subsystem, makes the sustainable development of the economic subsystem as the hub and takes the sustainable development of the environmental subsystem as the carner.Secondly, the paper originally uses the interpretative structural model and dynamics theory to analyze the operation mechanism of the FEES of the state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang province. The study finds that the FEES consists of 15 running paths, each path impacts on the FEES and its subsystems at different degrees. Moreover, the core factors of the forest resources subsystem are "amount of deforestation" and "forest area"; the core factor of environment subsystem is "climate change", the core factors of economic subsystem are "forestry output" and "forestry science and technology". And the conclusion is "deforestation amount" and "forestry output" are the core factors of FEES.Thirdly, according to the operating mechanism of the FEES of state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang province, through consultation to experts from forestry research departments, universities and administrative department of forestry, primary forestry science and technology promotion department, the corporate sector, the evaluation system of the sustainable development of the FEES of the state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang province is determined from three dimensions of forest resources, environment, economy, and the corresponding evaluation is given. The result shows that sustainable development of the FEES in Heilongjiang province is weak and is in a transition phase from traditional development to sustainable development.Fourthly, based on the evaluating results, to ensure the sustainable development of the state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang province, RBF neural network forecasting method is used to analyze the future development trend of the FEES. The results show that the FEES still exists certain warnings:in the 40 Forestry Bureaus, the "giant warnings" accounted for 2.5%,10% of the "heavy warnings", the "vantage warnings" accounted for 27.5%,32.5% of the "light warnings", "no warning" accounted for 27.5%. Therefore, it is necessary to take targeted measures to solve the distinctive problems of the different Forestry Bureaus in different areas.Fifthly, from the core factors of the FEES for the first time and according to the characteristics of the sustainable development of the individual Forestry Bureau’s FEES, we make suggestion structures of "giant warnings", "heavy warnings", "medium warnings" and "light warnings". In order to ensure the full implementation of the policies on the sustainable development of the state-owned forest regions in Heilongjiang province, we form the secure mechanisms for the sustainable development of the FEES including creative mechanism, multi-cooperated mechanism, market regulating mechanism, regional environmental macroregulation mechanism and ecological-compensating mechanism.