| Constructing scientific evaluation index system of ecological civilization, grasping the level of ecological civilization effectively, and identifying problems existing in the process of building ecological civilization, are the logical starting point of ecological civilization construction. There are differences of resource and environment endowments, the scale of economic development, urbanization, industrialization and the stage of development, so they face different resource and environment constraints and ecological civilization process challenges. It is necessary to build diverse ecological civilization evaluation index system for Chinese provinces, which guides the policy in the process of building ecological civilization. Combined with ecological civilization construction levels and differences, it is an important task for ecological civilization in China to develop a more systematic, specific, scientific evaluation index system of ecological civilization. However, the problems of resources and environment and the goal differences of ecological civilization are rarely considered in the evaluation system of ecological civilization, many researches construct universal evaluation system for 31 provinces’ ecological civilization.Based on the review of domestic and foreign evaluation studies on the ecological civilization, the cluster analysis is used in 31 provinces,which are divided into three categories, and which undertake different key tasks in the construction of ecological civilization for regional differences in resources and the environment. Based on the task of ecological civilization construction, the idea of green development and so on, the basic provincial ecological civilization evaluation index system is established. And then, based on the different types of the focus of the provincial ecological civilization evaluation, the diverse ecological civilization evaluation index systems are built. From all the dimensions and comprehensive index of ecological civilization, the level of development of ecological civilization is analyzed in different type of provinces, finally the targeted policy suggestions are proposed.The main research work and conclusions are as follows:1.The regional difference of Chinese provincial resource and environment problems is objective existence.The cluster analysis is used to divide 31 provinces into three categories. The index of resources and environment of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong, Hainan (category I Provincial) are mostly in the best state. The index of resources and environment of Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi (category II Provincial) are mostly in the middle rank; The index of resources and environment of Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Guizhou, Tibet, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang (category III Provincial) mostly rank the last for the least index scores. The reasons of the regional differences in resources and environment mainly include the ecological base, industrial structure, flow elements, regional science and technology development etc. Ecological basis on provinces of the first class is relatively good, the high proportion of third industry, mostly gathering elements of resources, high-level regional science and technology development. Land resources endowment provinces of the second category is better with a higher proportion of secondary industry, mostly for the main producing areas of agricultural products, and are expected to become the regional to absorb population of provinces of the first class; Ecological basis is relatively poor in provinces of the third category, whose level of regional science and technology development is relatively backward.2.Provincial ecological civilization construction of evaluation index system should reflect on the basic task of ecological civilization construction, adhere to the ideological green development, grasp the scientific and objectivity, quantification and operability, with typical authority, guidance and other forward-looking in principle; Based on these ideas and principles, we select 33 indicators from three dimensions of the basis of ecological civilization, ecological civilization construction index, ecological civilization "red line", from seven dimensions of ecological foundation, land space, resource management, environmental action, restructuring and green development, eco-system, and "red line".3. Different types of provinces have different evaluation focus on ecological civilization, different constraint of "red line".Considering the regional particularity, ecological civilization evaluation index system has been adjusted in Chinese provinces, so the differentiation of provincial ecological civilization evaluation index system should be constructed.The first kind of provincial development direction is to improve the growth quality and benefit, take the lead in improving the capability of independent innovating, realise the optimization and upgrading of economic structure and transformation of the development mode, promote the level of participating global labor division and competition. At the same time, we must improve the quality of living environment, thus add the per capita urban road area, the per Road area of public transport vehicles, construction land area decreased rate of per unit GDP, the population proportion of higher education than college, and other five special index. The economy of provinces of the second class develop well, whose industry and agriculture are developed parallelly, and expected to become a economically developed. The third industry developed well in these provinces, and the urban social services and economic production function, the ability to absorb urban population should be enhanced, thus 17 special indexes are added,such as urbanization rate, the number of public transportation vehicles per million people,the agricultural disaster area proportion, acreage and havest area per capita when suffer drought and flood. The third category of province should be constructed and developed intensively on the basis of the existing urban layout, and focus on planning and construction of the centre town, which has relatively strong resources and environment carrying capacity. The overall bearing capacity and the construction of infrastructure in the center town should be increased, and the integration of ecosystem should be kept, thus 10 special indices are added, eg:the rate of urbanization, the proportion of the natural protection acreage accounted for land acreage, the proportion of coal, oil and natural gas accounted for the whole county reserves. 4. Based on the basic index system construction, the provincial ecological civilization evaluation index system is constructed,combined with the regional differences of resources and environment. The differential index system are introduced into quantitative analysis model, to evaluate the ecological civilization level of provinces from each dimension index and the comprehensive index of the ecological civilization. Those cities which are ranked on top of the second kind of the comprehensive index of the ecological civilization, are Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Jiangxi, Hunan and other major agricultural production areas, whose industry and agriculture developed parallelly relatively well. Those cities, which are ranked on top of the third kind of the comprehensive index of the ecological civilization, are Inner Mongolia, Shanxi with rich energy, and Hebei, Henan with advanced in economic development. In addition, the first kind of provinces whose economy is well developed, the second kind of provinces whose industry and agriculture developed well, or the third kind of provinces whose ecological functions are fragile, most of them perform not enough of "red line" index. On the one hand, it’s difficult to fulfill ecological red line, on the other hand, it also explains that the ecological environment improvement of most Chinese province is very urgent, especially the excess of sulfur dioxide and PM10 concentration.5. Policy recommendations of Chinese provincial ecological civilization construction are presented respectively from perfecting evaluation index system of provincial ecological civilization, promoting ecological civilization construction of different types of provinces. It shows that the supporting and guarantee capability of indicator data should be strengthened, the ecological civilization evaluation method should be optimized, and the comparison of evaluation result should be enhanced. Involved in the first class province, inclusive and sustainable urbanization should be promoted in Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin; resource management level should be increased and the transformation of green development should be accelerated in strong economic province including Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang etc.; the development of tertiary industry and tropical agriculture in Hainan. As regards the second category of province, there is a need to strengthen focusing on the construction of environmental protection and ecological system in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Sichuan, to enhance resource management level and accelerate transformation development in the central four major grain-producing provinces including Jiangxi, Anhui etc.; to pay significance attention to resource management, environmental protection, land space development in Yunnan and so on. Regarding the third kind of province, some measures should be taken, such as optimizing national spatial development pattern in Henan and improving resource management capacity in Shanxi; implementing the innovation-driven development strategy in Tibet Autonomous Region; focusing on the green transformation development and the construction of ecological system in Guizhou, Gansu and the other provinces. In addition, there is feasibility to incorporate the thought of "one-vote veto" into normalize evaluation restriction mechanism of ecological civilization and to strengthen the implementation of the rigid requirements of local governments accountable.The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects:1. The provinces are classified by a quantitative analysis method. The essay evaluate the resources and environment condition of 31 provinces in China, choosing index from the resource using level, the environment quality level and use the variation coefficient method to prove the objectivity of the regional differences of Chinese provincial resources and environmental problems, according to the state of resource environment, using the cluster analysis method, clasifying the 31 provinces into three groups, and different characteristics of resources and environmental problems of the three kinds of province is very obvious.2. Ecological civilization evaluation index system of different types of provinces has been constructed. From the specific tasks of the construction of ecological civilization and the green development concept, Chinese provincial ecological civilization evaluation index system is constructed; On the basis of resource and environment, every evaluation dimension index of the provincial ecological civilization basic index system has been adjusted, thus we construct a ecological civilization evaluation index system of different types of provinces.3. The policy recommendations with regional orientation are proposed. In the process of calculating the provincial ecological civilization index, this paper uses the method of combination of subjective weighting and objective weighting method, while using setting pair analysis method to calculate the ecological civilization index. Based on the analysis of different types of comprehensive index of ecological civilization and the index of each dimension, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the construction of ecological civilization in various provinces.
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