Study On Thoughts For Dismissing Social Securities Puzzledom Of Land-losing Peasants

Nowadays, China is in the accelerating period of industrialization and urbanization. A large number of lands were requisitioned by the government every year, which produced a huge group of vulnerable landless peasants. With the loss of land, security functions attached to land also lost. The existing land requisition compensation system cannot replace the original land security function, which has resulted in a series of social issues, and become one focus of the society.Objectives of this study include to explore the relevance between industrialization, urbanization and land resource allocation and relations between land conversion and farmers conversion, under the existing institutional framework of land property rights, to test social security losses to landless peasants and status of social security with empirical data, and to analyze the causes why social security of landless peasants was in trouble. Game models are also used to explain the behavior of farmers and government land during and after land acquisition. Based on all above, we hope to find innovations and concrete measures to reform and improve the social security system of landless peasants.This paper mainly studies the plight of landless peasants’ social security and causes, followed by a logic thinking of theoretical study to empirical research and then policy research. On the basis of existing theoretical results concluded by literature study, with statistics released by the National Bureau of Statistics and MLR, land occupation because of industrialization and urbanization and relations between the government land acquisition and landless peasants under this background are firstly analyzed. Subsequently, it mainly surveys 1987 families of landless peasants in Chongqing Jiangbei District who accepted land requisition between 2006 and 2009. By means of the questionnaire data and statistic software SPSS, 13 hypothesis on loss of social security in the production and livelihood and the social security before and after the land-loss are tested, such as housing, employment, medical care, old-age security, and causes are analyzed. Then, by a two-stage incomplete information game model, strategies to selections of government and landless peasants during after land acquisition are analyzed. Game results are used to explain the social reality. Finally, suggestions are brought out to defuse the plight of landless peasants’ social security.Contents of the paper are divided into nine chapters. The first chapter describes the purpose and significance, research status, research objectives, research content, research ideas and methods, and so on. The second chapter introduces the basic theory associated with this study, including social security theory, public finance theory and game theory. The third chapter describes China’s industrialization and urbanization and occupation of land, scale of landless peasants and social impact brought by farmers’ land-loss. Chapter four, with the survey data, comprehensively analyzes and tests of losses of land acquisition bring to farmers, such as land, property, employment, health care, pension and other security aspects. The fifth chapter discusses the reality of the plight of landless peasants to social security, including ways and the actual level of social security in housing, employment, pension and medical aspects. The sixth chapter analyzes the main causes resulted dilemma of the social security of landless peasants. Chapter seven analyzes the process, objectives and strategies of both sides, game results in the social security game between the landless farmers and the government. Chapter eight, according to the previously described, proposes policy thinking to resolve the plight of landless peasants’ social security from the perspective of system innovation. The last Chapter summarizes the main conclusions and the follow-up study directions.The results show that more and more agricultural lands are requisitioned, with all kinds of demands for land is in a huge increasing, due to the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization and the government’s purpose to increase revenues. Thus it can be foreseen the scale of the land-lost farmers will continue to increase. The government’s land requisition not only produced a large number of land-lost farmers, but also enhanced the rigid constraints of resources for agricultural development. Farmers lost their ownership and rights of contract management and use on land, while the land-acquisition compensations given by the government cannot replace security functions of land sufficiently. Which Cause falling living standards can easily lead to social conflicts. Survey data in this paper show the expropriation of agricultural land brought a lot of negative impacts on farmers’ production incomes from land resources, housing property, agro-industry jobs, and resulted in a substantial increase in consumer spending. Pension, health care, subsistence allowances, employment and other basic security aspects of landless peasants are not ideal. Because of the huge number of landless peasants, low compensation standard for land acquisition, limited financial resources of governments and the limited ability to protect themselves, landless peasants will lose their source of income, employment opportunities and livelihood security if they lost their lands. Game results also showed that the land-loss farmers with no living security, in order to survive, will instinctively press the government for payment. This will continue to repeat itself, which caused a lot of public incidents even aggressive behavior associated with land acquisition, endangering social stability. This paper argues only the government can ensure the effectively implement of value increment of imposed land and allow peasants to effectively share the added value, reform and improve the rural land property rights system, accelerate the promotion of market-oriented reforms of rural land requisition, promote coordination between land use conversion and the Farmers’ Urbanization, the current series of social contradictions and development issues arising from land acquisition could be effectively solved.Innovations of this paper are as follows. Firstly, a systematic analysis of impacts of land acquisition on landless peasants’ employment, income, consumption and development are made by use of a lot of first-hand information from Chongqing, as well as the status and the causes of landless peasants’ pension, health care, subsistence allowances and employment security. Which provide valuable references for the follow-up research in this research field. Secondly, with the help of the survey data and SPSS statistical analysis software, 13 hypotheses related to social security losses of landless farmers were T-tested. Different from the existing research results, test results of this paper do not support views that landless peasants’ household income rises or falls. More precisely, Test results show that farmers’ household income from agricultural operation decreased significantly after they lost land, with a significant increase in labor income, while incomes from the secondary and tertiary industries did not change significantly. Although the total annual household income increased significantly, there is no significant difference if price rises is excluded.