The Research Of Solving Many Problems On Housing Security System Of China From The Prospective Of Government Purchasing Public Service

With rapid development of more than 30 years since reform and opening up,China has transferred from planned economy to market economy gradually.Remarkable achievements have been achieved in the field of national economy, by2013, GDP increased from RMB450 billion Yuan to RMB58.8019 trillion Yuan,economic aggregate increased by nearly 130 times, which leaped to the second place in the world. Under such a background, with the deepening of reform and opening up and acceleration of marketization process, since 1998, our country stopped physical housing allocation and fully implemented the monetary reform of housing distribution.Thus, commodity housing became the main channel of providing housing for urban residents, housing began to be fully commercialized and efficiently allocated by the market, residents housing transferred from government security to market supply.Under the guidance of marketization thinking, with the sustainable development of economy and society, the people’s living standard and housing conditions improved increasingly. Per capita housing area increased from 15m2 in 1998 to 33m2 at present.Housing owned tenure is up to 80%, ranking world front row. However, during the process of housing commercialization and socialization, due to overemphasizing the function of market, the housing security for the low-income groups had been once ignored, and the public service function of housing security of government has not been recognized and developed. Especially in recent 10 years, the real estate industry has once become the “locomotive” of driving economic growth, real estate market developed in an unbalanced way, due to the influence of multiple factors, such as over-speculation on commercial housing and land-based finance, etc., the price of commercial housing has been rising sharply, the vast low-and-medium-income groups can only be helpless and disappointed at the high housing price, purchasing commercial housing has become an unaffordable burden for low-and-medium-income families, market channel has failed to effectively solve housing problem.In order to go out of abovementioned difficult position, since 2008, the central government began to carry out the policy of classified housing security, i.e. providingsocial security housing through restricting supply targets, construction standard, sales price or rent standard. At present, there are many kinds of indemnificatory housing with wide coverage in our country, which alleviates housing difficulties of low-and-medium-income families. However, with steady expansion of construction scale of indemnificatory housing in our country, various problems surfaces gradually.From macro-level perspective, during construction of indemnificatory housing, there appears many problems to be sorted out in many aspects, such as policy selection,construction scale, security method, financial resources, supply mode,operation-management-maintenance mechanism as well as exit mechanism, etc..From micro-level perspective, it is necessary to make thorough analysis on how to combine with the economic type, development status and composition of supply target of each region to strengthen system building, and meanwhile, a deep analysis should be made on aggregate demand, demand structure, housing type selection,security mode, construction scale ratio, finance resources, housing allocation method as well as mandatory administration operation, etc..At such a moment, an suggestion was put forward at the 18 th National Congress of the CPC that “New progress shall be made sustainably on ”people could enjoy their rights to housing”, establishing housing system combining market distribution and government security, strengthening construction and management of indemnificatory housing, meeting basic demands of financially strapped families”, which placed greater demands on housing security affairs, there is an urgent need to put forward a housing security solution in line with practical conditions, which can not only meet housing demands of low-and-medium income group, etc. different interest groups, but also meet the requirements of housing security public service equalization, so as to further improve the public service standard of indemnificatory housing, achieve the goal of “people could enjoy their rights to housing”, and secure fairness and justice of housing security. It has already become a major task of housing security system to establish indemnificatory housing system conforming to economic and social requirements of our country. However, purchasing public service is a new thinking and requirement, which was put forward at the 18 th National Congress of the CPC, toinnovate the governance of country, transform the functions of government and solve the problems in public service system, and also the development direction of supply mode of public service in modern society. This paper aims to combine construction of indemnificatory housing and purchasing public service by government through systematically analyzing existing problems and difficulties in construction of indemnificatory housing system, from the prospective of government purchasing public service, to explore solving many problems in relevant links of indemnificatory housing system, so as to achieve a win-win situation which can not only meet the supply demand of indemnificatory housing, but also enhance public service quality of government.The general idea of this paper refers to as follows: firstly, summarizing relevant research literature on indemnificatory housing at home and abroad and review related theoretical basis of indemnificatory housing and government purchasing public service based on above literature, and make brief analysis of combination point of two theories. Secondly, elaborating historical evolution and status of indemnificatory housing in our country, and predict the total demand of the future. Thirdly, make deep analysis of major problems existed in indemnificatory housing system from macro framework design and micro link implementation two aspects, and dig in deep the existing difficulties and problems in the whole supply chain from top design to bottom implementation in indemnificatory housing system of our country. Finally,from the macro aspect, put forward forward-looking and sustainable solutions, from the micro aspect, put forward pertinent and operational solutions or suggestions.This paper is divided into seven chapters totaling of five parts, Part one includes chapter One and Two, which are theoretical preparation. Chapter One elaborates the background, purpose and significance of studying indemnificatory housing, and introduces study thinking, method and structure, etc. Chapter Two is theoretical fundamentals, which describes relevant concepts and basic theories of indemnificatory housing and government purchasing service separately, and makes brief analysis of solving housing security problems through the way of government purchasing service from fit-to-purpose of theory and feasibility of micro operation.Part Two includes Chapter Three, which are preparation of practice. Chapter Three summarizes the evolution process and development status of foreign indemnificatory housing and government purchasing service. Chapter Four elaborates indemnificatory housing system and government purchasing service system of some typical countries, based on which sums up effective experiences and practices of some typical countries on indemnificatory housing system and government purchasing service, and indicates experiences and lessons used for reference, which make corresponding practice reserve for further studying on solving housing security problems by the way of government purchasing service.Part Three includes Chapter four, which focus on elaborating status of indemnificatory housing in our country. Chapter Five mainly introduces development process of indemnificatory housing of our country and evolution process of its system arrangement, and summarize the status of indemnificatory housing of our country.Chapter Six makes detailed analysis of existing problems of indemnificatory housing in our country from macro-level and micro-level.Part Four includes Chapter five, which focuses on researching demand of indemnificatory housing. This chapter takes data of Inner Mongolia as example,builds an analysis and forecast model through introducing some major factors influencing housing security, such as resident income level and housing prices, etc.,thus predict medium-and-long term housing security demand of Inner Mongolia, and make a judgment on overall demand trend of housing security of the whole country.Part Five includes Chapter Six and Seven, which puts forward suggestions on solving problems. In view of existing problems in housing security system of our country, from the perspective of government purchasing service, this chapter puts forward pertinent and practical solutions from macro level and micro level separately.