| There are many problems that can not be ignored during the rapid development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises(SMEs):the frequent injury incurred during work, serious professional impairment, illegal production and the lack of the uniform rules and regulations in high-risk industries. The key reason of bad safety performance of SMEs is that they have not implemented the main responsibility for production safety. SMEs and their employees failed to take safe production behavior. Although improving safety performance by safety behavior has been generally recognized, scholars'research has focused on the correction of unsafe behavior. There are only small amounts of literature on enterprise organization safety behavior, and they focus on regulation policies'effect. However, enterprise organization safety behavior directly affects'human's safety behavior'and'matter's safety status'. It plays a fundamental role in accident causation. So enterprise organization safety behavior and employee safety behavior affect safety performance together. However, the influence mechanism of production safety behavior of SMEs including the enterprise organization safety behavior and employee safety behavior on safety performance is not clear. How to strengthen production safety behavior of SMEs is not clear too. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between production safety behavior and safety performance in SMEs deeply, to affirm the key factor, ways and methods of production safety behavior affecting safety performance, and to put forward specific measures to strengthen safety performance through analyzing the key production safety behavior deeply.Based on theoretical analysis and status quo analysis, the main innovative research results are as follows:(1) Developed enterprise organization safety behavior scale, employee safety behavior scale and safety performance scale of SMEs, and confirmed the reliability and effectiveness of scales. Firstly, based on the literature review and theoretical analysis, lessoning from existed research results, considering the actual production safety of SMEs, formed the initial scale of the safety performance and production safety behavior by some experts panel discussion. Secondly, a pretest is conducted with the scales among 35 employees which include 10 safety officers. The emphasis of pretest is to test the logical relationship of all variables whether in line with the reality of SME production safety or not, as well as whether there is a deviation or not about investigators'item understanding. Thirdly, scale forecast is done among 220 employees in 20 high-risk SMEs. Forecast's purpose is to purify scale. The enterprise organization safety behavior formal scale has three dimensions: safety training behavior, safety management behavior and safety precautions behavior, 20 items in total; the employee safety behavior formal scale has two dimensions: safety compliance behavior and safety participation behavior,10 items in total; the safety performance scale have two dimensions:safety consequences and Security system running effect,11 items in total. The formal measurement is done among 1330 employees in SMEs.867 valid questionnaires are returned. Scales'reliability and validity are confirmed by reliability analysis and validity analysis.(2) Taking SMEs as the background, the structure equation model for the relationship of the enterprise organization safety behavior, employee safety behavior and safety performance is built. And the interactive relationships of factors of the above three variables are confirmed. Based on theoretical and literature analysis, the relation assumptions of factors are put forward, and the structure equation model is built. Then the empirical research in SMEs is carried for testing model fitness index and assumptions. The empirical result shows that:safety prevention behavior is best important to safety performance; safety compliant behavior has significant positive impact for safety performance; safety training behavior affects safety consequence directly, at the same time, it affects safety consequence indirectly by the intermediary role of safety compliant behavior; safety compliant behavior have fully mediated effect between the safety management behavior and safety consequences; safety compliant behavior have fully mediated effect between the safety management behavior and safety system running effect. So to improve safety performance, it is key to strengthen enterprise organization safety behavior and employee safety compliant behavior.(3) The formation process, internal and external causes of SMEs'safety violation behavior and their action mechanisms are clarified. Strengthening enterprise organization safety behavior, it is the key to analyze the genesis mechanism of enterprise organizations safety violations behavior. Therefore, the related concepts and formation process of enterprise organizations safety violations behavior are analyzed firstly. Then the internal and external causes of enterprise organizations safety violations behavior of SMEs are probed. SMEs'profit nature is the internal underlying cause. Special characteristics of safety accident and safety benefit causes expected accident loss and expected safety benefit all lower than actual result. So safety input-output relationship is twisted in the process of safety decision. Which cause SMEs being lack of enthusiasm for safety investment. The effects of employee and government are the external causes. The game model of employee and SMEs on occupational safety is build. The model result showed that employee is difficult to constraint SMEs'safety violations behavior in the case of lower occupational safety need of employee. Then the evolutionary game model between SMEs and government is built. The evolutionary law of safety violations behavior of SMEs is analyzed.(4) The cause of employee safety violation behavior SMEs is identified. The evolution law of employee safety violation behavior SMEs is analyzed. Based on the analysis of reasons of employee safety violations behavior, evolutionary game model between employee and SMEs is built. Evolution law of employee safety violation behavior SMEs is analyzed. The model result showed that it is effective for illegal fine to restrain employee safety violations behavior in short-term. But it is adverse for the evolutionary system in long-term. To conduct evolutionary system to be out of the bad lock state, the followings should be followed in the design of safety management incentive and restraint mechanisms:to reduce the labor amount of safety compliance behavior, income of safety violation behavior, proportion f safety violation tendency persons amount of employee groups, expected accident loss and negative impact of safety violation behavior, and to take human-based safety management methods and so on.Based on the above analysis, the countermeasures for strengthening safety behavior to improve safety performance of SMEs are put forward. Government level measures including strict enterprise organization safety violation penalties and increase enterprise actual accident loss to increase safety compliance costs, strict production safety market access system, clarify focus of safety regulation, establish incentives system for production safety, The enterprise level measures including clarify focus of safety management, strengthen pre-service training of new employees, optimize the safety production rules and take human-based safety management methods. |
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