Application Of Flow Injection Analysis With Chemiluminescence Detection

The chemiluminescence analysis in combination with flow-injection techniqueappears as a potent versatile tool for analytical chemistry. This versatility is due to itsmultiple advantages such as sensitivity, rapidity, simplicity and the wideness of itdynamic analytical range. In this study, these benefits are put to good use to developmore efficient methods for different chemical or biological compounds determination.The main content includes:(1) Sensitive flow‐injection chemiluminescence determination of hemoglobin in the human blood.In this work, a sensitive and simple flow-injection chemiluminescence methodwas developed for quantitative analysis of hemoglobin. The method is based onthe ability of hemoglobin to enhance the chemiluminescent signal generated byH2O2-K4Fe(CN)6-fluorescein alkaline system enhanced by CdTe quantum dots.Under the optimized conditions, hemoglobin has be detected in concentrationrange of7.35×10-9-2.5×10-6mol.L-1with a detection limit (3σ) of1.8×10-9mol.L-1,and the relative standard deviation(for5×10-7mol.L-1hemoglobin) of2.06%(n=11). The present chemiluminescence method has been successfully appliedfor the determination of hemoglobin in three kinds of blood samples taken frominfant, adult man, adult woman and two reference samples. Compared withprevious reports, the chemiluminescence method described in this work is simpleand rapid with high sensitivity.(2) Flow‐injection chemiluminescence determination of thiosemicarbazyl compounds in the insecticidesIn this work a simple and rapid flow-injection chemiluminescence method isreported for the thiosemicarbazyl compounds determination in the insecticides. It was found that the thiosemicarbazyl compounds have the behavior to inhibit theCL signal generated by KMnO4-Na2SO3system in the acidic medium. Thelinearly correlation between the generated CL and the concentration logarithmwas detected in the range of7.3×10-9-5.4×10-7M for thiosemicarbazide,and6.8×10-9-3.6×10-7M for the thiosemicarbazone; with the relative standarddeviations (for12measurements) of2.3%and2.6%respectively. The limits ofdetection (3б) are2.2×10-10M and1.8×10-10M respectively. The influences ofdifferent physic-chemical parameters have been studied. The sample throughput is100samples/h. The proposed method has been used to determine thethiosemicarbazide in the synthetic samples with satisfactory result. To prove thepractice use of the method, it was applied to determine the thiosemicarbazide andthiosemicarbazone concentrations in the insecticides.(3) Determination of biotin in pharmaceutical formulations by potassiumpermanganate-luminol-CdTe nanoparticles chemiluminescence systemIn this work, a sensitive flow–injection chemiluminescence method has beendeveloped for the determination of biotin in the pharmaceutical formulations. Theaffinity between avidin and biotin was used to adsorb biotin on the surface ofpolystyrene, with subsequent quantification of biotin based on its ability toenhance the chemiluminescence (CL) signal generated by the redox reaction ofpotassium permanganate-luminol-CdTe nanoparticles chemiluminescence system.The investigations prove that apart from3-aminophthalate, the CdTe quantum dots(QDs) play both of catalytic and emitter roles Under optimum conditions, thelinear range for the determination of biotin was1×10-2ng/mL to25ng/mL with adetection limit of7.3×10-3ng/mL (S/N=3). The relative standard deviation of5ng/L biotin was2.06%(n=7). The proposed method was successfully used todetermine the biotin concentration in the pharmaceutical formulations and therecovery was between96.4and104%. The proposed method is simple, convenient,rapid and sensitive.(4) Flow-injection chemiluminescence determination of glucose using potassiumpermanganate-luminol system In this work, a new flow-injection chemiluminescence method was developed for thedetermination of glucose in physiologic liquids, which is based on the enhancementeffect of glucose on the chemiluminescence signal generated by KMnO4-luminolsystem in alkaline medium. Under optimized conditions, a linear correlation wasestablished between the chemiluminescence intensity and the glucose concentration inthe range of2.3×10-8to7.2×10-5M with a detection limit (3σ) of1.2×10-9M. Therelative standard deviation for11measurements is2.12%. The method was applied todetermine the glucose concentration in the human serum samples and the results areconsistent with those obtained by the standard spectrometric method.