Synthesis And Properties Of Tin, Bismuth Nano-materials Research

Nanotechnology was a field of applied science focused on the design, synthesis, characterization and application of materials and devices on the nanoscale, which lay between micro and macro scope. Nanomaterials have characteristic properties, such as quantum size effect, small-size effect, surface and interface effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect. All above effects led to great changes in material properties, such as, electrical, optical, hydrogen storage, catalysis and magnetic properties, which provided the possibility to discovery of new materials and to optimization of the available materials. To investigate materials properties, materials should be synthesized firstly. Up to today, there were many reports on the successfully synthesis of uniform, size controllable materials with regular morphologies. But it was necessary to explore simple and effective synthesis methods for the further investigation of relationship between morphology and properties. In this dissertation, solvothermal synthesis and precursor method were used for the synthesis of several inorganic materials with controlled morphology and size. Through variation of experimental parameters, the environment of material growth was changed. Therefore, the reaction dynamic was changed accordingly, which made control of the synthesis process possible.Main content of this dissertation included:1. Bi₂S₃ nanorods, SnO₂ hollow spheres, SnS₂ and BiOCl nanoplates were successfully prepared by the combination of solvothermal method with several other synthesis methods.(a) Highly dispersed Bi₂S₃ nanorods were obtained by solvothermal process combined with solvent extraction. Bi³⁺ was transferred from aqueous into organic phase through the coordination between Bi³⁺ and extractant. Then, the complexe was decomposed under solvothermal condition to get the product by breaking the P-S bond.(b) Hexagonal plate-like SnS₂ was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis using thiourea as sulfur source. The slow release of S^2- was the main determination...