Tibetan Buddhist Temple Architecture And Cultural Studies

The spread of Buddhism promoted the cultural exchange of the monastic architecture. Nearly a thousand year's spread and development in Tibet, Buddhism left many precious and important Buddism heritage site. The materilized architectural heritage is the best recorder of the historic information. The Tibetan Buddhism monastery is a the vector and symbol of Tibetan traditional culture, also played important role for inheriting Tibetan Buddhism culture.Tibetan Buddhism deeply rooted in the Himalaya region, already became the core of traditional Tibetan culture, affecting people's behavior norms and values. From architecural point of view, no matter residential building or Buddhism monasteries, it was always showing the Buddhism idea from external dectoration,internal layout and building ritual during the construction. The Tibetan monastic architecture represented the whole level of Tibetan architecture. The craftsmens left a valuable construction techniques and experience in long term of practice. Only deely understanding and study it, we can better protect and creat the new desgin of Tibetan style buidling, It was also the reason why I choose this topic.The structure of the dissertation is consist of three part, it included the introuduction, five-chapters of main text and the conlusion. The introduction part mainly talked about the purpose of topic selection and the meaning of this study, the method of the research. The content main text inclouded five chapters as follow.Chaper one:The General History of Tibetan Monastic Architecture.In this chapter, Firstly, i have introuduced the history of Tibetan monastic Architecture through the time line of Buddhism was introudced into Tibet. Based on the historical doucments and special case of Tibetan monasteries, the author diveded the history of Tibetan monastic architecture as three parts, which inclouded early awake period, growing up period and mature period, and also sums up the architectral feature of each stage. Secondly, The Tibetan Buddhism has been spreaded in many region,due to different national culture, geogrphy and climate environment etc, it also created the different features of Tibetan Buddhism monasteries in the vast region. Here the author made the necessary analysis and sum-up of Tibetan Buddhism spreaded both at home and abroadChapter two:The Basic Architectural Type of Tibetan Buddhism MonasteryIn this chapter:The author studied the Tibetan monastery from the perspestive of Architecture, due to the different building materials and technology, Tibetan monsatic Architecture could be divied into Stone-Wooden structure, Soil-Wooden structure, Brick-Wooden structure and Bangkha wooden structure four types. Due to Tibetan Buddhism spread in the different nationalities, the architecture of the monastery could divided three type, Tibetan stlye, Tibetan-Chinese mixed styles and Chinese style. According to the construction site and location, can be divided into mountain top located, flat area located and side of mountain located three types of monasteries. In addition it also inclouded the two typical types of Buddist monastery, the cave temples and tents temple. From Buddhist doctrines and traditional culture, it expressed the Tibetan traditional mountain worship idea, and Buddhist the Mandala Cosmology and Three Realms idea.From the function of the single monastic building, it can be devided five types, Shrine room, Education hall, Stupa,living quatter and Subsidiary Buidling. It showed the Budhism ideal of the monastery, Buhhda, Dharma, Sangha should inclouded in a completed monastery. Different types of the building gathered together became a Tibetan monastery, the group of these buildings garthered together, relfected the intact standard of Tibetan Architecture.Chapter three:The Culture Connotation of Tibetan Monastic Architecture. The author from two point disscussed this question. Firstly, studied the coonatation of choosing right site to build the monastery in traditional Tibetan culture. The Tibetans lived in the tough enviroment, it created a tradition to repespect and worship to the enviroment from ancient time, such as the holy mountain and lake etc, they carefully deal with enviroment around during the construction. After the Buddhism was introuduced into Tibet, Buddhism culture and the traditional Tibetan enviroment ideal mixed together became new culture of choosing site, such as checking right construction site, asking land from earth-god, cleaning the land during strat a new construction site. It was showing the idea of how human and environment harmony in the Tibetan tradtional culture. Secondly, After studied the outer decroation and inner layout of Tibetan monastic Architecture, the author explaned the comban of the Buddhism culture and Tibetan Architecture.Chapeter Four, The basic featutre of Tibetan Monastic Architecture. In this chapter, the author analysed the origin of the Tibetan monastic architecture,it was created under influnce of Chinese and Indian architecture culture, formed unqiue Tibetan monastic Architecture. Based on the knowledge of construction site, style of Architecuture, structure and color of building, symbol and culture of the monastic architecture, summed up the five basic characterstic of Tibetan monastic Architecture. Chapter Five, Several ideal of studied Tibetan monastic architecture After we studied general history, basic types of Arictecture, culture connoation and general feature of Tibetan Buddhism monastery. In this chapter, the autor give some ideal and suggestion to how to protect and develop of Tibetan monastic architecture heritage from the a case study.