On The Development And Utilization Of Biomass Energy In Tang And Song Dynasties

Energy is the material base of human activity and social development. Biomass energy has been most early exploited and the only energy which could apply cosmically in early and middle agricultural society because of its characteristic of universal existence in nature and easy obtaining and combustion use. It has a history of more than 1.8million years in development and utilization of biomass energy. Biomass energy plays a vital supporting and securing role in civilization progress and social development because it could obtain energy such as light and heat, which is the first mastered and most widely used energy supplying.In Tang Song period, the development and utilization of biomass energy successive generation and innovation and development, not only on the energy characteristics of the understanding is more scientific, but also a lot of new energy development and utilization, the invention, development, promotion of the use of a number of advanced energy technologies, to social development has played a very important role, overall presents colorful picture.In Tang and Song Dynasties, the development and utilization of biomass energy rich category, including the formation of a first energy woody plants, herbaceous plants, agricultural waste, wax, Animal manure, combustible resin, animal bones, two energy carbon,Biological oil form a relatively perfect energy system. Related technology tends to be more complete, energy production, energy acquisition technique has some innovation and development, Some energy saving technology invention, development, and has been widely used. Energy resources is very abundant, the Tang Dynasty years can be rational use of energy is resources the total energy consumption of 12-14 times, the song is 1.7-2.1 times. Direct combustion, energy conversion, energy production and easy to use products such as various forms of the use, protection of social life, production, medical, military and other different fields of energy, energy gain, to meet the social development and people's life to the different needs.In Tang and Song dynasties, biomass energy economy has greater progress. Energy production and supply become more specialized, collecting firewood, charcoal, oil, candles all appeared handicraft industry, energy service industry also appears in the city, development, formed a production, processing, sale service complete industrial chain. Energy supply system, formed a folk market system all over the country. The official depended on energy taxes mainly, and market buying and own manufacture as a supplement, in accordance with the salary, with a form to transfer the supply system. Energy trade and prosperity, energy production and sale becomes people main sideline and the country's important financial, but also greatly facilitate the town dweller on energy acquisition and daily life, the social division of labor, the economic and social development played an important role in promoting; energy industry has become the three largest and farming animal husbandry and fishery the main categories of both social and economic.In addition to practical function, biomass energy in the cultural, entertainment and also show a unique function and the irreplaceable role. For example, in the Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, new year's Eve revealed the unique function, in the ritual, astronomy, language and other aspects of the formation of numerous and its development to use related to the unique cultural phenomenon. These customs, cultural phenomenon is not only the Tang and Song Dynasties social life elements, and integration of the Chinese nation culture of blood, become the ancient culture important constituent, but today the unique elements of traditional culture.The development and utilization of biomass energy, was limited by the ancient times relatively backward transportation condition, energy transport usually follow the" hundred miles not peddle's" the rule, has convenient shipping conditions suitable transport distance town in general about 500 years; especially biomass large lightweight, low calorific value characteristics, but decided ancient biomass transportation distance, transportation is very limited. Therefore, the ancient handicraft industry layout and development limited to biomass energy resource distribution and occurrence state; ancient social development on energy demand increases ceaselessly with limited supply ability also exists between the irreconcilable contradictions. Tang and Song Dynasties for the contradiction of supply and demand and the energy safety problem, begins in the city and high energy consumption industrial area show individual hand, and because of the weather, war and other factors can not be against impact and aggravate, the social development and people's life caused serious effect. Northern Song Dynasty capital Kaifeng for third cold stage and frequent rain and cold weather, become this contradiction concentrated outbreak area. Energy security is the essence of the problem in a certain level of productivity, a yuan of biomass energy structure and ancient social economy development not photograph adaptability performance. In order to ensure energy supply, Tang Court adopted a " multiple short-haul transport, increase reserve, improve energy efficiency, multivariate the structure " and other measures, the energy security has played a certain role in safeguarding.Since the Song Dynasty, the coal in a variety of subjective and objective factors, the origin of surrounding areas to promote the use of, the ancient structure of the sources of energy to biomass mainly started by a dual structure to biomass energy andminerals can constitute two of dual structure, in the feudal society of our country coal firewood and later" north, South to the wood" the basic energy pattern tends to form. However, because of China's coal resources distribution is not balanced and other factors, the ancient coal use is mainly limited in Qinling Mountains-to the north of Huaihe, around the coal production within a certain range, the biomass in the Tang and Song Dynasties and even in the late feudal society still is social development on the basis of energy; this situation continued to have large-scale, long distance transmission capability of the modern traffic system before.In the process of ancient society development,biomass energy for human society and that of grain and water are of equal importance to some extent,In the current academic research, The development and utilization of biomass energy is the integral part of the research of history,social science and energy science, so study on the history of biomass energy should be paid more attention.It could provide helpful reference for the development and utilization of energy today.