Study On The Cleaner Production Of Plantation Logging In Southern Of China

Over the years, China has shown significant reduction in natural forest resources, and theoriginal forest resources were sharply declining. At the same time, the increasing area ofplantations has made great contribution to huge demand for wood. In order to make rational useof plantation resources, to achieve maximum economic efficiency and to reduce or remove theenvironment hazards of logging operation, it is necessary to carry out in-depth study of cleanerproduction in the process of logging operations. Based on the theory of cleaner productionevaluation and integrating domestic and foreign research results, this study analyzed cleanerproduction assessment in the plantation logging. The main results are as follows:(1) Building up the analysis methods and models for material flow in plantation logging.Firstly, biomass flows in three common southern plantations (Pine, Eucalyptus, Chinese fir)were analyzed and quantified with the material flow model. And the diagrams of material flowwere drawn. Secondly, the effects of different logging methods and transporting modes on thephysical and chemical properties of soil were explored. And the soil material flow diagramswere drawn. The results show that the track observation method and model can be applied totha analysis of biomass flows, and the fixed-point observation method and model is adaptableto soil flows. In one hm~2forest land, eucalyptus forests produce the largest amount of drymatter. No significant difference exists between fir and pine forests. As for skidding methods,the skyline yarding and manpower skidding has addvantage. In hauling operation, agriculturalvehicles are better than automobiles.(2) Establishing the index system and making standard for cleaner production evaluationof plantation logging. The fuzzy clustering method was used to initially screen29indexes. And12indexes were selected as evaluation indexes. The method of AHP was used to determine theindex weight. Fuzzy mathematics method was0ptimized for comprehensive evaluation methodof cleaner production and analysed with exemplification.The analysis results show that thecleaner production of the sample companies is in cleaner production the third level which isequivalent to the basal level of national cleaner production. The design of cutting area, thelogging technique, the utilization of energy resources, the safe production and managementshould be enhanced to improve the level of cleaner production of logging in the company.(3) Determining the contents and procedures of cleaner production audit in plantationlogging. According to the cleaner production audit in a southern example company, theemphases should be in four aspects, wich are logging technique, resources and energy use,sustainable development and management of production safety and protection. The targets ofcleaner production are56%of wood utilization rate,16%of harvesting residues utilization rate, 98%of renewal rate of cutting block, and90%of survival rate. The composite index methodwas used to assess the level of cleaner production of the sample company. The results showedthat the level of cleaner production of the company was at the domestic general level. Based onthe analysis, nine schemes with free or low costcleaner production and two programs withmedium or high-cost for cleaner production were drawn out.(4) Making the guidelines of cleaner production in plantation logging. In accordance withstate and forestry industry regulations and standards and based on the characteristics ofplantation logging, the content of the guidelines should include the scope, the normativereferences, the overview of plantation logging in China, the meaning and principles of cleanerproduction in logging, the analysis methods of cleaner production, the process analysis inlogging, the building of cleaner production indexes, and the management and technologicalmeasures in implementing cleaner production.. The guidelines for cleaner production ofplantation logging are proposed.