Risk Assessments And Management Countermeasures Of Forestry Bio-security In China

With the development of social, economic, politics, science and technology, bio-security issues have extended to organisms-related multi-fields, such as biological weapons, biological invasions, epidemics and genetic resources. From a single field based on biotechnology, it has risen to major issues involving national security. Forestry bio-security is an important part of the bio-security, which has been greatly concerned by research communities and many management departments.As a starting point for the whole study, this paper summarized and analyzed the definition of bio-security and management status both at home and abroad. On the basis of forestry bio-security definition, the forestry bio-security was seen as an organic system. This study used the principal modern risk management theory and methods from four aspects:goal setting, risk identification, risk analysis and assessment as well as risk controlling, to study China's forestry bio-security management issues. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) According to the definition of domestic and foreign bio-security conception, this study defined the forestry bio-security definition for the first time from broad and narrow aspects. The narrow definition referred that based on forest organisms and products of biotechnology research development and production, through prevention and management measures, reach the trend that humans, animals, plants, micro-organisms, ecological environment, social and economic won't be damaged or even posed under potential risks. The broad definition referred that within a certain range of temporal and spatial, forest organisms and products could keep themselves out of being damaged, and prevent themselves from causing damage or potential risks to humans, animals, plants, micro-organisms, ecological environment, social and economic. Structure of the forestry bio-security definition was analyzed, indicating that the definition consists of four basic key elements:subject, object, objectives and evaluation system. These four elements con-elate and interact with each other. Connotation and characteristics of forestry bio-security were concluded and analyzed, showing that forest bio-security belongs to national security aspect, reflecting the characteristics of forestry with extreme, relativity, complexity and manageability. It also shows features such as covering large aspects, bearing strong life, great latency and significant regionality.(2) Based on the modern risk management theory contents and features of forestry bio-security, conception, characteristics and basic framework of forestry bio-security risk management were analyzed and indicated in this paper. From the aspects of aims setting, risk evaluation, risk identification and analysis as well as risk control, the objects, scopes, time limit and targets of forestry bio-security risk management were determined, in order to reach the terminal aim that managing the health, security and sustainable of forestry organisms and products.(3) Forestry bio-security risk sources were investigated. Biological risk factors and non-biological risk factors were indicated. Forestry invasive species, forest genetic resources, forestry genetically modified organisms, wild animal diseases were identified as the biological risk factors; climate change, forest fires, pollution, biological laboratory and quarantine laboratories were identified as non-biological risk factors, as well as other risk factors such as natural disturbances, population growth and human needs. Besides, the influence and the main influential methods of risk factors to forestry bio-security were analyzed.(4) The Multi-Hierarchy Grey Evaluation Method based on Gray System Theory was introduced into forestry conservation for the first time. An index system and gray evaluation model of forestry bio-security risk assessment were established. The study took the Sichuan forestry bio-security status for example to validate the index system and evaluation model, the value was 3.4810 indicating a high level of risk. The evaluation results accorded with the actual situation of Sichuan forestry bio-security.(5) Four main biological risk factors involving with forestry bio-security:forestry invasive species, forestry genetic resources and forestry genetically modified organisms as well as wild animal epidemic were taken as objects to analysis the risk trends of China's forestry bio-security. Pathways of invasive species, loss ways of forestry genetic resources, coming sources of forestry genetically modified organisms and the transmission of wild animal disease were also explored. China's major sources of forestry bio-security risk were indicated. Based on the qualitative analysis and the evaluation from Multi-hierarchy Grey Evaluation Method, this paper concluded that China's forestry bio-security risk was at a high-level risk at present with the value of 3.8858, which should be paid more attention and taken effective measures to reduce the level of risk.(6) After comprehensively reviewing the historical evolution of China's forestry bio-security management, this paper systematically summarized the laws, regulations, policies, management systems, institutions and the status of team building of China's current forestry bio-security management, and analyzed the existing problems, characteristics, importance, development opportunities and development trends for current forestry bio-security management. On the basis of the foreign bio-security management practices, together with the current risk and management status of China's forestry bio-security, ideas and approaches of China's forestry bio-security management were determined. Specific measures were proposed from the aspects of establishing legal systems, policy systems, management systems, as well as strengthen advocacy, training and emergency drill.