The Study About Mechanism Of Onion Stalk Extraction On Prevention And Treatment Of Rabbits' Traumatic Deep Vein Thrombosis

ObjectiveWe built the models of rabbits'lower limbs traumatic deep vein thrombosi s, which is called "Thigh-Swollen" in TCM. We applied modern advanced me dical instruments to test the changes of many modern medical indicators in the models of rabbits'Traumatic lower limbs of deep vein thrombosis(DVT), whi ch were caused by Onion stalk extraction(OSE) with the "activating yang " fu nction in traditional Chinese medicine,such as:Blood coagulation function, a int-Blood coagulation function, fibrinolytic function, inflammatory factor, ant ioxidant injury,and then to discuss the mechanism of the Onion stalk extracti on on prevention and treatment of rabbits' Traumatic lower limbs of DVT, we are aimed at providing direct and objective modern medical evidence of OSE on prevention and Treatment of Rabbits'Traumatic DVT.Methods1.24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:co ntrol group, OSE prevention group and OSE treatment group. according to Zh ao Xueling's method, we built the animal models of Traumatic lower limbs of deep vein thrombosis DVT,then, give Saline solution and Onion stalk extract ion respectively to control group and OSE treatment group for 1 week, but for prevention group, we give Onion stalk extraction consecutively for 1 week bef ore models had been built. After the models were built, the same with OSE tre atment group. 2. Testing the following indicators of each group before and after the models were built:(1)the level of P-selectin (CD62P), platelet activating factor (PAF), lysosomal membrane protein (CD63); (2)the level of Glycoprotain II b/IIIa (G PⅡb/Ⅲa),protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1),protease activated receptor-4 (PAR-4); (3)the level of activated protein C(APC) and thrombus precursor pr otein (TpP);(4)the level of blood clotting, plasma thrombomodulin (TM) and D-dimer(D-D);(5)the level of tissue-type plasminogen activator(t-PA) and pl asminogen activator inhibitor(PAI);(6) the changes of hemorheolgy before an d after the modeling;(7)the level of Interleukelin-6(IL-6) and Interleukelin-8 (IL-8);(8)the level of Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and Malondialdehyde (M DA).ResultsGeneral observation:Diffuse both lower limbs swelling of rabbits can be observed in all the three groups after modeling, while in OSE prevention gro up, swelling was significantly lesser than control group and OSE treatment gr oup. No significant swelling can be observed in the three groups when remo ving plaster on the 7th day later after modeling; however, the subcutaneous congestion areas were smaller in OSE prevention group than control group and OSE treatment group, while, one rabbit in the OSE treatment group and two rabbits in the model group died suddenly when we removed the plaster, it was confirmed that the reason of the death is Pulmonary embolism (PE). According to Zhao Xueling's method, it was reported that the percent of the successful models is 80%, and the data is similar with our pre-experimental result, even though no thrombosis formed, there is changes in the indicators of testing.1. After the models were built, the level of CD62P,PAF and CD63 in the ser um of each group increased significantly, however, the level of CD62P,PDF and CD63 decreased in both OSE prevention group and OSE treatment group, compared with the control group. The prevention group was superior to the tre atment group2. The level of serum GPⅡb/Ⅲa and PAR-1,PAR-4 increased in every group. The expression level of serum GP II b/IIIa and PAR-1,PAR-4 were signific antly decreased in OSE prevention group and OSE treatment group. Compared with treatment group, the prevention group was superior to the treatment group3. After the models were built, the APC of the plasma in each rabbit reduced significantly, and the TpP increased significantly. Both the OSE prevention group and the OSE treatment group can increase the level of APC, and reduce the level of TpP. The result was statistically significant. And the prevention group was superior to the treatment group in each period.4. Before building the models, in each group, there are no significant differen ces in the indicators of blood clotting, TM and D-D levels. And after the mod els were built, the influences to each evaluation indicators of the OSE prevent ion group were superior to the treatment group.5. After the models were built, the serum level of t-PA were significantly decre ased, and the level of PAI increased significantly. Then in the seventh day, the level of serum t-PA were increased in OSE treatment group, while no signific ant changes of serum t-PA were detected in OSE prevention group, OSE treat ment group is better than OSE prevention group. The level of PAI in all phase in OSE prevention group were decreased significantly, the curative effect of w hich is better than OSE treatment group.6. after the models were built, there is significant difference in the level of wh ole blood viscosity (ηb),plasma viscosity (ηp),RBC aggregation index (EAI) in the OSE prevention group, compared with the control group and the treatment group, while, there is significant difference in the treatment gro up on the seventh day, compared with the control group. The OSE prevention group were superior to the treatment group in each phase, there is no statistical significance in the change of EAI in each phase.7. After the models were built, the IL-6,IL-8 level of each rabbits'serum incre ased significantly, while, both the OSE prevention group and the treatment gro up can reduce the IL-6,IL-8 level of rabbits'serum in the models. And there is no statistical significant difference in the result of each phase.8. Before the experimental treatment, the SOD level of each serum dropped si gnificantly, the MDA level increased obviously. Compared with the control gr oup, there is statistical significance in the result of the OSE prevention group a nd the treatment group, and the prevention group was superior to the treatment group in each periodConclusion:The mechanisms of OSE which can prevent and treat traumatic DVT effectivly are following:(1).Hindering the activation of the platelet, reducing the expression of tissue factor, inhibiting platelet aggregation; (2).Inactivating coagulation factors, reducing the activity of the thrombin, ameliorating the hyper-coagulation state;(3).ameliorating fibrin lytic function, influencing the formation and degradation of fibrin, maintaining the normal fibrin lytic activity;(4).Ameliorating the state of blood flow, accelerating establishing collateral circulation, promoting the blood circulation; (5). Reducing the expression of the inflammation factors, increasing the coagulation inhibitory factors, preventing hyper-coagulation state;(6). scavenging oxygen free radicals, protecting endotheliocyte, and antioxidant.This study shows that:(1)The main pathogenesis of "Thigh-Swollen" is blockage of phlegm and blood stasis -Yang qi failing to act freely is the key point, (2) About the treatment method of coexistence of phlegm and blood stasis, the method of activating yang is a vital treatment for "Thigh- Swollen",besides the method of reducing phlegm and removing blood stasis.(3) Through recovering and activating of the Yang-qi, which can reduce the damage of the pathological process, delay the cycle of illness aggravating, and make the pathological changes to the benign circulatio,and then, the function of each of the Zang-fu organs and meridians can be exertion normally. Yang-qi is "pungent warm", which can remove the phlegm and make the meridians act freely. Thus, Onion stalk extraction can be used for prevention and treatment on "Thigh- Swollen" which is also called DVT.