Peripheral Arterial Disease In Chinese Hypertensive Population, Epidemiological Investigation, And Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor (vegf) Receptor Gene Polymorphism And The Risk Of Association Studies

Objectives Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with morbidity andmortality of coronary heart disease and stroke. Hypertension is an independent riskfactor for peripheral arterial disease. However, the prevalence and risk factors of PADin hypertensive patients has not been studied in China.Methods In order to investigate the prevalence of PAD and its risk factors in China,a cross-sectional study was carried out. Total 4,716 patients with hypertension and833 age-sex matched people without hypertension were recruited; age 40-75, from 7rural communities. PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial index (ABI)≤0.9 in eitherlegs, hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure≥140mmHg, or diastolicblood pressure≥90mmHg, or history of antihypertensive drug use.Results The prevalence of PAD is 8.7% (n=408) in patients with hypertension(n=4,716), higher than the people without hypertension (5.0%, n=833), P=0.004.Hypertensive patients with PAD were older (61±8.6 vs 58±8.6 years old, P＜0.01), hadmore conventional cardiovascular risk factors including higher systolic blood pressure(170±22.6 vs 167±22.7 mmHg, P＜0.01), pulse pressure (72±19.7 vs 68±18.9 mmHg,P＜0.01), higher blood glucose (5.8±2.2 vs 5.6±1.7mmol/L, P＜0.05), total cholesterol(5.7±1.3 vs 5.5±1.1 mmol/L, P＜0.05), and serum uric acid (355±98.0 vs 293±86.2mmol/L, P＜0.05) than the hypertensive patients without PAD. After adjusted for sex,age and other cardiovascular risk factors by using multiple logistical regressionanalysis, PAD remained associated with current smoking (OR=1.65, 95% CI1.18-2.29), history of stroke (OR=1.50, 95% CI, 1.12-2.00), serum uric acid(OR=1.21, 95% CI, 1.10-1.59), total cholesterol (OR=1.12, 95% CI, 1.10-1.59).Conclusion This study provides the prevalence of PAD in Chinese patients with hypertension for the first time; and PAD is independently associated withconventional cardiovascular risk factors. Objective The purpose of this study was to detect the relationship betweenankle-brachial index (ABI) and preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in elderly Chinese.Methods In order to investigate the association between ABI and preclinical carotidatherosclerosis in elderly Chinese, a cross-sectional study was carried out. Total 507patients older than 55 years from the health study of QingDao harbor were recruited.None of them had history of clinical coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheralartery disease. Blood pressure and ultrasound examination were performed. Carotidatherosclerosis was defined as carotid intima-media thickness (IMT)＞1.0mm orcarotid plaque. Low ankle-brachial index (ABI) was defined as ABI＜0.9 in eitherlegs.Results The higher percentage of ankle-brachial index (ABI)＜0.9 and history ofdiabetic mellitus, hypertension were investigated in subjects with carotidatherosclerosis than those without carotid atherosclerosis, (p＜0.05). Subjects withcarotid atherosclerosis were older, had more conventional cardiovascular risk factorsincluding higher systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, higher blood glucose, bodymass index (BMI) than those without carotid atherosclerosis, (p＜0.05). Afteradjusted for sex, age and other cardiovascular risk factors by using multiple logisticalregression analysis, ABI was negatively associated with carotid atherosclerosis(OR=0.10, 95%CI 0.02-0.42, P＜0.01).Conclusion Low ABI is a strong predictor for preclinical carotid atherosclerosis inelderly Chinese Objective Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a kind of atherosclerotic diseaseresulted from vascular damage. The lesion in vascular wall is the underlyingpathological mechanism. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is apotent endothelial cell mitogen and vascular permeability-enhancing factor, plays avital role in the process of vascular development and maturation via its tyrosinekinase receptors.Methods A case-control study was carried out. Total 439 patients with peripheralarterial disease and 1,517 age-sex matched individuals without atheroscleroticdiseases such as stroke, coronary arterial disease and PAD were recruited. They allclaimed as Han nationality, with age 40-75 years old, without relative between eachother. PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial index (ABI)≤0.9 in either legs. In orderto determine the relationship between the polymorphisms of the VEGF-2 gene and therisk of PAD, two polymorphisms of the VEGF-2 gene were genotyped by PCR andrestriction enzyme analysis.Results -604C allele frequency and genotype frequencies of TC and CC in thepatients group were much higher than which in the control group (P＜0.01), +1719Tallele frequency and genotype frequencies of AT and TT were also higher in thepatients group than that in the control group (P＜0.01). After adjustment fortraditional cardiovascular risk factors by using multiple logistical regression analysis,allele frequencies of-604C and +1719T were associated with PAD significantly (OR1.62, 95%CI: 1.21～2.17; OR 1.63, 95%CI: 1.15～2.31, P＜0.01). Conclusion the polymorphisms of the VEGF-2 gene is associated with the risksusceptibility to peripheral arterial disease...