Design And Implementation On Computer Simulation Of Virtual Stereological Modeling

Question statementThe stereology is a frontier branches of science studies the three-dimensional structure information by the two-dimensional structure information between the morphology and mathematics.The stereology's basic goal is to know its three-dimensional structure from the two-dimensional structure,This needs to establish between the two-dimensional structure and the three-dimensional configuration structure relations accurately.It has been already confirmed that there have certain functional relations between two-dimensional surface's parameters and three dimensional ones.Therefore we may put the two-dimensional surface data into formulas to explore real three dimensional structure by certain specific perimeters. So we can describe biological tissue's structure quantitatively by using the principle and the method of stereology.Usually examined targets include density of distribution,number density,volume density,surface area density,length density and area density and so on.To obtain the stereological fomula,we usually get that from the rational theory deduction.Because the actual organization is impossible to non-limits slice. Therefore,the application of stereology still had some questions needs to solve.For example,How to confirm the existing formula that we already have? Whether could we find one new method to judge between the shape parameters the function or the correlational dependence? How to choose the appropriate survey parameter as well as the determination reasonable sample size in the morphology research application? In view of these questions,we thought that maybe we can establishe one exceptional computational model as a foundation to be able the nonlimit slice.The simulation slice process judges the statistical target and the definite functional relations. Provides a tool and the objective real diagnosis method for the stereological study of theory method.Research goal and significance(1) We design this hypothesized experiment system to provide one redundant statistics experimental model to examine stereological theory and method.This article states the algorithm to be possible to satisfy the simplicity and the measurement result in easy the nature,The Simultaneously outputs of the result is stably reliable.And it also can be used to be possible to offer the choice as next morphology research model tool.(2) Regarding the stereological in theory and the method,usually obtain by mathematics inferential reasoning's method.We need to look for a sample repeatedly the simulation statistics model.This also affects development of the theory and the application of stereology..We attempt with the aid of the computer to take the method,the process which the simulation samples many times,And we also want to use the parameters data to carry on an analysis and the data fitting examination.And to judges the empirical formula the reliability and the selection index rationality.(3) According to the stereology research,still not easy to present related objective real diag-nosis method.If this article raises the testing plan is theoretically reliable and the experiment aspect is also feasible,it will be available to provide a way to be possible to supply the reference the computer to test the platform,and using in stereology theory and method examination and exploration.Technical route and method1.PartⅠBased on MC law algorithm research(1) Anticipated probability distribution production method We use Monte Carlo (MC) method to simulate random phenomenon occurrence to carry on the approximate calculation,obtains inspects system's exhaustive information,its statistical error may be reduced through increase the degree which the sample number.(2) Homogeneous distribution algorithm generation We use the application linear congruence law(Linear Congruential Method) produces the homogenous distribution in Visual studio to obtain the random sequence(modulus,multiplier, increase parameter).By calling random function srand in the MFC provides(seed) to realize,and the application function of time guaranteed that selects the different seed parameter.(3) Normal distribution algorithm generation The application of inverse function can be used to generate the distributed random sequence.Its principle is based on homogenous distribution sequence,we will need to have the probability distribution's function f(x) carries on the inverse transformation.So we can obtains normal distribution probability distribution function f(x) inverse function F(Y),and we can get the random sequence from obtaining the probability distribution function through F(Y).(4) Data analysis and layout sequence check From the obtained data we have carried on homogenous and the independence test with spss 13.0 and Originlab origin 7.5.We used the X~2 goodness of fit inspection method to carry on the homogenous examination on the[0,1]random sequence,And uses Pearson X~2 the inspection method examined the sector size during different category difference.The independence test we use the autocorrelation coefficient inspection method.We use the method of movement to examine the test sequence distributed normality,and to judge if there is a significance between skewness coefficient/ kurtosis coefficient and zero.Judges with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov/Z goodness of fit examination attains the data the theory distributed situation.2.PartⅡDesign and implementation of virtual stereologieal modeling(1) Development environment This software system is under 2000 Professional operating system of Windows.We take Visual Studio C++ 6.0 as an IDE.The part controls and the middleware the free software provides or downloading from the Internet.And use OpenGL(Open Graphics Library) to carry on the basic geometry primitive plan,the matrix operation,the geometric transform and to simulate the particle spot,the line,the surface and so on.(2)Database management system We use the Micorsoft Acess 2003 as a default DBMS.And take the method of ADO to access the database.(3) Interaction connection Based on the Biological tissue slice's unit we process and the stereological research's basic mentality and the physical demand,we also have custom-made the corresponding model through the corresponding parameter, then through each kind of external command control system's movement,like to user input,validity check and so on control and so on.This system's interaction connection realizes through the following each aspect's controlled variable:model parameters:particle number,particle radius,coordinate length,number of times and so ondisposition parameters:mean and standard deviation,step length,range,probabi-lity parameter and so onsection parameters:slope rate,maxlmum,sectional area,section perimeter and so oncomputation parameter:volume density,number density,length density,and so on(4) construction of virtual conainer Establishment containing space three-dimensional model.The containing space refers to a limited spatial scope,is accepts the granule abundantly the vessel.For the convenience computation as well as is advantageous for the recognition section in the hypothesized slice process the projection,we stipulated that the simulation the containing space is an equilateral cube.By contains three components three tuples to express that Container(X,Y,Z), X,Y,Z represents three coordinate axes separately.We defines in visual studio the three dimensional float number:float array[m][n][p].We take this containing space imagination three-dimensional space X,Y,Z to take the particle existence the environment,this space's exceptional case is the trilateral equal cube. (5) Object-oriented parametrization system design We apply the object-oriented design method(OOP),enhances this hypothesized experiment system's performance.Uses the object-oriented programming technique to define a complete kind of class structure.It's composed a group of object common data and the function.(6) Initialization OpenGL environment and parametrization module Establish-ment environment DC bitmap form(Pixel- Format) attribute.Given each parameter by the user,then the system acts according to various parameters to construct the model,this system's model parameter includes:slope rate,maximum,sectional area,section perimeter and so on.(7) Virtual slice and measurement By passes through the containing space the two-dimensional surface to take the stochastic slice,the judge the particle whether to be hit,the position attribute determined by its central coordinate.(8) Simulation result and analysis According to the above algorithm,we randomly scatter particles in hypothesized cube.and carries on the simulation slice process regarding this,and then carries on the judgment by the computer to the section.And the automatic computation all hits the sectional area,the perimeter,the diameter,the chord length,the intercept,metrology parameters and so on point counting.By the user from definition cycle-index n,the circulation same slice process n time,obtains n group of experimental result.(9) Data fitting examination We have the data carried on the numerical analysis, carries on the fitting with the empirical formula to compare,judgment goodness of fit.For the examination of curve fitting effect,we designated separately the density parameter.We have data carried on the fitting with originlab the origin 7.5,the numerical analysis goal is give each row data each statistical parameter.Curve fitting's goal is the data which obtains according to the experiment establishes between the dependent variable and the independent variable the effective experience functional relations,provides the clue for the further deep research.The curve fitting and the function interpolation are must under construction of a function according to a group of data to take approximately.Results1.PartⅠBased on MC law algorithm research(1) test of homogeneity:at the level of significance a=0.05,The simulation sequence can pass through the test of homogeneity(2) test of homogeneity:After 100 times repeatation,We rest on the sector to count k to divide differently to the random sequence value territory and so on between the plot.We select k=50,k=75,k=100 to test it,and use.Pearson X~2 to examine the difference of homogenity.It showed that the test of homogeneity can get passed with the rate of 94%,97%and 98%.There's no significant difference amang different sectors(P＞0.05).(3) test of independence:We use correlation coefficient to test and the result is there is no significant difference between aero and correlation coefficient(P＞0.05).(4) test of independence:After 100 times repeatation,the pass rate goes at 92% and 94%.(5) test of normality:There's no significant difference between kurtosis/ skewness and zero.2.PartⅡDesign and implementation of virtual stereological modeling(1) We use degree of confidence methods to test if this model can be trusted when it is used.The result showed that the actual data effective probability is bigger than the standard probability,which means that there's more than 95%of degree of confidence.(2)Linear fitting result showed that the regression equation can be accepted in both of the methods of regression equation(line,point,area).(3) Regarding three-dimensional structure in volume density inference,the mothod of analytical method based on the measurement of area is the best way,and the analytical method based on the measurement of points counting is worst.But if the sample size is big enough,there will be no difference amang them. (4)According to the classical formula about the measurement of Number density offered by Ewald R.Weibel several years before,we believe it's true by using our computational modle provide by this paper after a process of test of fitting goodness.Because there is surely existed a power functionally dependence between either the surface area density or the volume density with the Number density(P＜0.0001).Conclusions1.This article has established a set of stereological hypothesized experiment computer simulation system.and it also established a geometric model of particle distribution.In addition,it also designed an exceptional case as the foundation to be able the non-limit slice hypothesized experiment system,and realized by the computer techniques.2.Regarding different from definition parameter,by inputting each aspect's parameters through man-machine interaction,the slice process can be well simulated.The preliminary study indicated that uses this algorithm talked about in this article can be able to simulate the production of particles and the slice process.3.We apply the object-oriented design method,uses the object-oriented programming technique.First we set a simulation object definition complete class,it summarized a group of object data and the function it is composed of.A kind of structure has and inherits,derivation,polymorphism characteristics and so on.With good data encapsulation,it not only may seal the internal integration data and the operation effectively clearly,but also be more available to inherit and derive the related classes of structure.4.Regarding the stereological formula's examination,we proved that the data we got from the simulation fits very well with the data we anticipated.