| Due to the continuous investments from all government departments to the research projects of the highly-advanced technology of Health and Medicine,the management of the ever increasing projects has become more and more sophisticated. It becomes a challenge to all managers of scientific projects about how to improve the quality and efficiency of the management by analyzing and holding the feature of current management of health projects.This paper is about applying the latest theories and techniques of project management and the research methods of managerial epidemiology and modern health management to the process management of medical scientific projects.Upon the analysis of the influential factors the completion of the projects,a dynamic management system on the middle and late phases of scientific projects were developed and implemented into real practice preliminarily.The expected results were fulfilled after the assessment.â… .The basic theories of managerial epidemiology and modern project management1.The basic theories of Managerial Epidemiology and Health Management Managerial epidemiology is a science applying the theories and methods of epidemiology to study health management.Health service administration is to administrate health service macroscopically with the basic theories and methods of applied management sciences in combination with relative subjects,such as epidemiology and statistics.The main tasks of managerial epidemiology is to collect health information,to offer basis for decision-making,to conduct community diagnosis,to get data from the basic levels,to make health plan,to fix health policies and to execute assessment and supervision so as to improve administration and management,to conduct inspection of health service,to improve health service and to influence health policies and its quality of decision-making.The process of health management comprises of 3 basic steps:formulation,implementation,monitoring,and the assessment of health plan.The research methods of health management in general can be divided into quantitative research and qualitative research.Investigation,quasi-experimental research and analysis are the three common quantitative research methods.Scientific management is a typical kind of project management according to Project Management theories.In accordance with the managerial epidemiology and health management study theory,medical and health research management process belong to the management of epidemiological and health management study areas.2.Concept and functions of project managementProject refers to a combination of resource and a series of activities for fixed targets in certain period.Project management means the efficient programming, organizing,supervising and administrating from a flexible organization on some project so as to realize the dynamic management of the project and the comprehensive coordination and optimization of the target.Project management goes through the whole life span of the project.It aims at the efficient programming,organizing, supervising and administrating in order to reach the predetermined goals in timing, expense and techniques.The concept of project management states its functions clearly.That is to programming,organize,assess and administrate projects.To programming is to make plans of all activities within the range of the project to ensure the completion of the project in reasonable time strain with the lowest possible cost and the highest possible quality complying with its target.To organize is to structure the organization, mechanics and adjustment with the aim of the management,completion and function of the organization.The assessment and control of the project is to supervise the process and adjust its deviation.3.The basic process of modern project managementIn A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge(3rd Edition) (PMBOKR Guide) published by American Project Management Institute in 2004,the dynamic process of project management are divided into 5 phrases:Initiating,planning, executing,monitoring,controlling and closing a process is a set of interrelated process. Project Management is an integrative undertaking.Project management integration requires the 5 phases to be aligned and connected with each other to facilitate their coordination during the whole period of a project.The output of one phrase is the base to initiate the following phrase.The 5 phrases facilitate the effective management over a project as a whole.â…¡.Influential factors on the quality of scientific projects1.Characteristics of scientific projects and the basic process of scientific project managementThe characteristics of research projects include:A.The innovation:Scientific research is a kind of human activities which includes exploratory,originality,novelty, and practice.It is unique effort aiming at new scientific and technological knowledge, facilities,products and services.B.The collaboration:At any individual or collective research activities,it would cover the R & D personnel in other areas of labor and innovation.C.The risks:Research projects are the activities of creation and innovation,of which the uncertainty in the process and the outcome is much greater than other activities.The course of scientific management research in general can be divided into three phrases,namely the pre-management,including application,assessment, augmentation,project approval and programming,is the course management from project application to task assignment.Medium-term management,including the organization of scientific research personnel,the preparation of research conditions, the inspection and supervision of the course,quality control and program changes, refers to the course management from the assignment to the acceptance. Post-management,including the application to end over,the final report,the organization of acceptance and audition,the assessment of the outcome and the transference of materials,is the course management from the application of ending to the transference of research materials.The three phrases must be interrelated closely to ensure the tangible efficiency and success of the complete process management.2.The analysis on the influential factors over the completion of scientific projectsTaking as examples the completion of the accepted health and medical projects of the Municipal Technology Bureau of Guangzhou(2003-2005),the study analyzes the influential factors on the efficiency and quality of the completion of these projects.According to the statistic data of the a11-together 304 projects in the above-mentioned 3 years,188 projects(62%)were ended up on time,101(33%)were prolonged to 1-2 years,and 15(5%)were terminated for the impossibility of continuing research.study and to seek a termination of 15,the termination of the ratio of 5%.According to the categorized statistics on the 116 postponed and terminated projects conducted by the study,79%of the postponed results from the design, experiment facilities and researchers(79/101),and 73%(11/15)of the termination were caused by technical barriers and researchers.3.How to improve the completion of the quality of research projectsThis study also raised some counter measures to enhance the quality of research:1.to strengthen the construction of persistent scientific attitude,and to strive to create a scientific atmosphere with rigorous scientific attitude,which culture the enthusiasm and devotion of researchers to seek truth from facts and be bold in exploration;2.to develop better scientific research projects with clear aims and content,feasible research methods and routes and reasonable programming and budget;3.to ensure the time and condition of research personnel;4.to value and strengthen the mid-and post-project management so as to improve the efficiency and quality of the completion of the projects.â…¢.The development of the dynamic system on the mid-and post-management of health and medical research projects1.The significance of the studyThe study,using the methods of modern project management,developed a dynamic system on R the mid-and post-management of health and medical research projects in order to overcome and avoid the influential factor of the efficiency and quality of the projects,such as the deficiency of management and supervision,the obstruction of information,and the random control of the acceptance of completion. The System enables the effective communication among the acceptance governments, the project-control units and the research group so as to strengthen the instruction and supervision of the whole process.The development and implementation of the System will play a positive role in the standardization and efficiency of project management.2.The general concept of system development Targeting on the dynamic management of the complete course of health and medical projects,the System,with the guide of project management theory,is structured basically B/S(Browser/Server) framework.Three-tier authorities,the acceptance governments,the project-control units and the research group,are set with the IIS,ASP.NET,and SQL Server technology as a web development platform.7 functional modules are designed including the management on mission planning, annual progress,completion,outcome,bulletin information,statistics,and users.3.The platform technologies used in the development1)ASP.NET.ASP.NET is the programming framework built on the common language runtime.It is an important part of Microsoft NET,which can generates powerful Web application program on servers.2)Database technology,including the Structured Query Language(SQL),Microsoft SQL Server 2005,and open database connectivity(ODBC).SQL is an advanced non-progress programming language for users working on hitch-level data structure. The same SQL language can be used by different database system for data input and management...Microsoft SQL Server 2005 is new version of database management system developed by Microsoft as data platforms for large-scale online transaction processing,data warehouse and e-commerce.It is also used as business intelligence platforms for data collection,analysis and reporting solution.ODBC is the interface standard developed by Microsoft to access the database system,which uses the level of approach to the management of data.It is a good solution of the relative independence of the database-based application programme with the leveled management of data.3)â…¡S technology.In short,Network Information Services(â…¡S) is a web management programme.A computer can be configured a net web for browsing as long as it is installed withâ…¡S and connected to the Internet.4.The system design and implementation The System uses B/S structure,with the application of Windows XP+â…¡S to the system Web server,SQL Sever 2005 to the database server,Microsoft ASP.Net to Web server application programme,and ADO(ActiveX Data Object) to the access and operation of dates of the database.The users of the System are the administrators of the Bureau of Technology,the person in charge of the undertaking unit,and the leader of project group.Each role has different rights and functions.Among them,the administrators are managers of the entire system,with the greatest functional competence.The System,in accordance with the overall planning,were divided into the following seven modules:1)The proposal management module:it functions in the fill-in and check of basic information,the review of project planning,the change and audition of researchers and the upload,download and read of the project plan and so on.2)Progress management:including the upload,view,and archive management of annual progress report.3)The acceptance module:inclusive of the application,pre-assessment,approval of the acceptance,the upload of acceptance report and the view of acceptance.4)Result management module:to fill in and view the results.5)Bulletin management module:It functions in the release and management of public information,including policy,regulations,notices,etc.It also has the auto function as the reminders of annual progress report and project deadlines.6)Statistical inquiry module:It offers the categorized statistics of the number of various projects,the outcome,the research fund and the acceptance.It is also used for the rapid information inquiries,including time,undertaking units,research groups and their leaders. 7)User management module:including adding and deleting users,modifying user information and so on.The System involves many functional modules,which match different corresponding data sheets.According to the functions,the data tables can be categorized into two major parts:1.The main data tables:they are designed for the storage of system information,including the basic project information table,the user table,the result tables,the bulletins and so on.2.The basic information data tables.It includes the basic data table of undertaking units,the control tables of results,the control table of project types,the project specific tables,the table of professional titles and so on.â…£.The preliminary application and assessment of the dynamic system for the mid-and post-management of medical and health research projectsThe System were applied to the acceptance of 2008 Guangzhou Technology Bureau projects undertaken by a university in Guangzhou areas to verify and evaluate the role and function of the management system.Among all the 30 projects of the university in 2008,24 submitted the application of acceptance on time and 6 applied for the extension of time.The System was used to assess the 24 projects on line,comparing the planned index and the real completion. The System scored over 80 to 20 projects leading to the on-line approval of acceptance from the project administrators.The other 4 projects with the score less than 80 were given deferred acceptance due to their failure in the on-line assessment. For the 6 application of extension,the project administrators used the System to evaluate their applications and checked with the Technology Department in the undertaking unites before they issued the approval of 1 year extension for each of them.The approval was released through the System on line.Compare with other existing management system,this System is characterized in the following innovation points:1.The System is targeted on the mid-and post- management and supervision of scientific projects while most of the others on the management of application,assessment and planning.2.It improved significantly the efficiency of scientific research and its management by setting up the dynamic communication between the administrator and research groups.3.The System has immediate function of inquiry and statistics so that the administrator and undertaking units can do inquiry and statistics at any time.4.The System distinguished itself by the design of the auto-assessment faction at acceptance,which benefit the administrators at the strict control of acceptance and the enhance of quality.The verification of the System almost brought the study to its expected results. However,we also realized the deficits in the System itself and in its promotion.1.to improve the communication and coordination with the undertaking units so as to ensure the connection between the System and other systems in use.2.To standardize the expected index in the proposal by the communication with scientific administrators so as to ensure the realization of auto-assessment function at acceptance.3.to optimize the functions of the System,such as the connection between the pre-management and research proposal,and that between the pos-management and existing expert databases.
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