A Study Of Locative Words In Tang Dynasty And Five Dynasties

In this paper, by synchronic method and diachronic method, we study the locative words of Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties on the basis of Dunhuang Manuscripts and the handed literature of Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. This paper consists of three volumes, one is introduction, one is description, another is explanation.In the volume of introduction, we describe the characteristics of Dunhuang Manuscripts, the reason of topics selection, significance, research methods and the difficulties encountered in the process of research. We discuss the intension and extension of locative words, and summarize the characteristics of the locative words of Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties.The volume of description is divided into eight chapters. In Chapterâ… we describe the distribution of "shang" "xia" from the aspects of form and semantics. In Chapterâ…¡we describe the distribution of "qian"and "hou" from the aspects of form and semantics. In Chapterâ…¢we describe the distribution of "zhong" "li" "jian" "nei" "wai" from the aspects of form and semantics. In Chapterâ…£we describe the distribution of the "dong" "nan" "xi" "bei" from the aspects of form and semantics. In Chapter V we describe the distribution of "zuo" "you" from the aspects of form and semantics. In Chapterâ…¥we describe the distribution of "bian" "pang" "ce""pan" "ji" "bi" "xiang" from the aspects of form and semantics. In Chapterâ…¦we describe the distribution of "tou" "shou" "di" "suo" "chu" "xu" "xing" from the aspects of form and semantics.In Chapterâ…§we summarize the compound locative words in the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties from the aspects of the characteristics, the reasons of appearing and the path of lexicalization.There is a summary from the aspects of the form, semantics, collocation after the distribution of every locative word. The characteristics of the locative words of Tang and Five Dynasties are highlighted in contrast to the locative words of Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties. In Chapter I we study the symmetry and asymmetry of "shang" and "xia" in the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. In Chapterâ…¡we describe the property of time about "hou". In Chapterâ…¢we contrast the similarities and differences of "zhong" "li" "nei", "zhong"and "jian".The volume of explanation is divided into four chapters. In Chapterâ… we discuss the relationship of the nouns of body part and locative words. In old Chinese there are three relationships between the locative words and the nouns of body part:the nouns of body part have senses of spatial orientation, the nouns of body part evolve into locative words, the nouns of body part and locative words constitute compound words which are used to indicate the spatial orientation. In Sectionâ…¡we discuss the source of locative suffix "tou", we point out that the locative suffix "tou" comes from the locative word "tou". In Sectionâ…¢we discuss the compound word "mianshang" "jiaoxia". In Chapterâ…¡we discuss the evolution of locative "di". We demonstrate structural particle "di" from the locative word "di" from five aspects. We also discuss the sources of "xing" and think that the locative word "xing" comes from the meaning of "home", and the meaning of "home"comes from its original meaning. In Sectionâ…¢, we discuss the locative word "bi". In Chapterâ…¢we discuss the meaning of "you" in the documents of Dunhuang, and demonstrate the meaning and motivation of "zuonan zhibei"in the contracts of Dunghuang Manuscrips. In Chapterâ…£we discuss the cultural connotation of the locative words in Dunhuang Manuscripts. In Section I we analyze the reason of prohibiting pregnant women facing the "dong" and "nan" when they taking a shower in the Dunhuang Manuscripts S.4433. In Sectionâ…¡we analyze the reason of child-giving toward the "xi" "bei". In Sectionâ…¢, we analyze the cultural implication of "dong" "nan" "xi" "bei" in the P.2615 "Wuxing Yinyang Zhaijing" from mutual generation and restriction of "wuxing" and the cultural concept of avoiding "wang". In Sectionâ…£we analyze the cultural connoation of different directions in wedding customs of Dunhuang Manuscrip S.1725, "Yili" "Datang Kaiyuan Li", "Shuyi".