The Nationalist Government During The Beijing Social Assistance

Modem Chinese society is a turbulent and rapidly changing society. On the one hand, invasion of Western powers, endless civil war, Frequent disasters and other factors exacerbated social unrest, resulting in social problems, such as poverty, unemployment, crime, suicide and other serious problems,which affected modern Chinese social stability; on the other hand, the collision and conflict, exchange and Communication between Chinese and Western cultures, the Chinese traditional social structure take place the internal changes, such as the rising social status of "business", communication and practice of the Western advanced concept of rescue and assistance etc, the cause of modem Chinese social rescue and assistance entered a rapid development track of modernization under the influence of social environment. During the Nanjing National Government Period, the development of Beijing social assistance cause was subject to the change of regime,and the capital moving to the south in addition to the above environment factors.So Beijing social assistance cause is the product of effect of various combined factors.Modern China is a process of slow evolution, which experienced the evolution path from the coast to the interior, from the city to the countryside. In modern times, with the input and communication of advanced western concepts of assistance, Beijing became the place which firstly practise the western advanced concept of assistance,and also opened the first attempt of social assistance with modern characteristics in china. In the late Qing Dynasty, social assistance activities in Beijing showed "hybrid" characteristics of China and the west. The operating mechanism, the legal system, and other aspects of practice were moving towards the modernization, but the modernization was only a small step. the more "blood" of the social assistance cause was"Chinese blood" and "Western Blood" was just one of the trickle.However the small step of modernization of social assistance in Beijing in Late Qing Dynasty laid a solid foundation for the big step of the modernization in Beijing during Nanjing National Government.After the founding of Nanjing National Government, with the transformation of the "military"to the "political tutelage",Chinese society entered a systematic and legal construction period. As "Three People's Principles" and "Reconstruction " for the government strategy,the Nanjing National Government strengthened legal construction of livelihood issues,as well as the political institutional and legal construction Nanjing National Government,owing to the Central Government's emphasis on institutionalization of social assistance, the social assistance cause in Beijing was gradually going to the institutionalization orbit. Mainly expressing in the following areas:the administration system of the social assistance, the implementing agencies, donations of funds and management. Social legislation is the prerequisite and basis for administration according to law, and also is an important guarantee for the healthy operation of social assistance. In the Early of nanjing National Government, the legal system construction of social assistance cause of central and local government entered the rapid development period. During this period, the legislation of Chinese social assistance formed the pattern which was a multi-dimensional integration of the legal structure,a charitable organization as the core, disaster relief, donation praise,and tax relief as the aider. its legal effect was high and The number was more. Under the Regulation of the laws and regulations,Beijing social assistance cause realized the changes from the multi-sectoral management to the unified management, from paying attention to the amount of aid agencies to emphasizing quality,from "extensive" development to "intensive" development. At the same time, fund-raising and management of aid funds also achieved the transformation from disorder to order.If the construction of legal system and institution of the social assistance was programme of action during the Nanjing National Government period, then the social assistance activities was the concrete practice of the rule of law. In the early of Nanjing National Government period, the Beijing municipal government launched inside and outside institute activities which incorporated activities of the Beijing Social Affairs Bureau of Poor Relief and Beijing Poor Relief Institute, activities of small loan offices. Beijing city was vulnerable to implement the "extensive" social assistance combined with the " Intensive ", the long periods of social assistance combined with the temporary. Although enforcement of official social assistance cause was not entirely wishful in Beijing owing to shortage of funds and weak execution of institutional law.Large-scale institution and legal system and advanced assistance way not only helped hundreds of thousands of people who needed help,but also was on behalf of qualitative change of Beijing social assistance cause's modernization.Social assistance is like two wheels of the vehicle in Beijing, if the government's social assistance is the front wheel, then social assistance of non-governmental charitable organizations is the rear wheel. In terms of the modernization development of social assistance cause, its development would be lost lack of official participation and its development would lose power source,lack of participation of non-governmental charitable organizations. In the early of Nanjing National Government Period, with augmentation the control of the public domain by the state power, non-governmental charitable force was subject to certain restrictions in Beijing, but its development entered the stage from the scattered to the united, from the disorder to the order. In the social assistance practical activities in Beijing, non-governmental charitable organizations carried out combination activities which were co-exist of the "intensive" and the "extensive" Inside and outside institution. The practical activities became an important supplement to the official assistance activities.During Nanjing National Government period, the Beijing social assistance cause presented many new features according to the needs of society and the age and its own laws of evolution in the environment of the dramatic social changes and the baptism of European and American.In the evolution development process of social assistance, governmental and non-governmental charitable organizations became the main force to promote the Beijing social assistance to grow. Although there existed the interest gameplay between the two sides, the relationship more showed collaborative, interactive, interdependent and harmonious. Tracking down the history footprint of social assistance development in Beijing is to get some insights from the dust of historical events, the purpose is to provide some valuable experience and inspiration to the social assistance development of modern society.