The Literature And Cultural Studies On The Image Of The Buddhist Nuns In The Ming And Qing Novels

The image of Buddhist Nuns is a group of special types of characters, Buddhists and women's dual role is particularly prominent features of their image. In the Ming and Qing novels, Such people is not only quantity, but also the image of them is complex and changeable, but the research on them were not enough on a long time, there still have many inadequate. This article will put these figures in the the background of Ming and Qing fiction history and cultural history to inspect, to make a more comprehensive and objective interpretation and evaluation on the image of these figures,the evolution path and its cultural implication.This thesis consists of four chapters.The first chapter mainly discusses the image of Buddhist Nuns before the Ming and Qing novels,and strive to find out the evolution locus of these figures in the novel. The development of the mission of the Buddhist Nuns is a prosperous period before Sui, but the image of the Nuns in the novels is extremely incompatible with its development potential, but as an auxiliary tool for propagating the Buddhism. But the image of the Nuns has made a breakthrough progress in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasty periods, the Buddhist Light enveloped in their head gradually stopped, the image of them turning to serve the people of reality from an auxiliary tool. Song is an important turning period of the image of Nuns, even though the development of the Mission of Nuns also has made a tremendous success, the criticism from the Neo-Confucianism, made their situation is particularly bad.and the appears as an agent of pruriencing in the Song's novels has been a beginning of the image of Nuns in the Ming's novels.The second chapter mainly outline the image and the deeds of them in Ming-Qing fiction, and contemplate the image of them in other literary works in the same period. The image of Nuns mainly appeares in the late Ming Dynasty novels, both classical and vernacular of the novel, but the number was not many, the phenomenon which characters to demonize is very obvious;the same to the late opera literature. In the Qing Dynasty novels, the number of Nuns is not only the quantity, but also the character is complex, and the change between the former and the later don't significantly;The drama is slightly different, poetry and other literary works, both in quantity and the characters, have demonstrated quite different from the previous characteristics.The third chapter mainly interpretate the image of Nuns in the Ming novels from literary and cultural. The decline of the Nuns Mission and the influence form external environment made Nuns in an extremely unfavorable and embarrassing situation, and this situation also affected the novels. The smear of their image mainly manifested in "sexual immorality of the agent" and "Man-eating monsters" these two features.An important incentive for this literary phenomenon is the transformation and reference of the predecessors's works,The Confucian view of women, especially advocated by Neo-concept,and the two kinds of creative mind of the authors--"wake up Heart" and "entertainment eye" are two main reasons.The fourth chapter mainly interpretate the image of Nuns in the Qing novels from literary and cultural. The new changes of Nuns Mission and the loose of the Religious policy on Nuns Mission in Qing danasty, both provided a favorable impact for the description of the Nuns in novels. The image of the Nuns in Qing novels, in addition to maintaining the certain characteristics of the Ming novels, but also showed the characteristics of their own creation:Variable characters, works of originality apparent, the changing of the author's attitude which turned from exposing evil to writing good, but also appeared some novel which specifically described the Nuns whom lived in Jiangsu-Zhejiang regions. All these phenomena emerged In addition to the gender perspective into the custom of the literary Manchu before the Qing Dynasty, and closely related to the upsurge of feminist consciousness, but also closely linked with the courtesan tradition of the literati.