Western Policy Towards East And Its Application In Guangzhou

As the epitome of a nation or a society, cities are a dynamic social system representing the spiritual and material civilization of the nation and the society. In the process of social transformation of modern China, port cities, such as Shanghai and Guangzhou, have set a good example to the other ones.From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the traditional Chinese security system transformed to modern police system, developing from the early enforced UK pattern in concessions, and "learning from Japan" in the late Qing, to the American pattern during the period of the urbanization in the Republic of China. In the meanwhile, China also witnessed the transformation from passive learning western police system by forced input to active pioneering its own political system independently as well as the cruel reality of overwhelming control by foreign powers and the progressive aspect of the social organizations (including the late Qing administrative group) who strive to become stronger by following suit of foreign political systems. Therefore, it is of great academic significance to start a research on the establishment, development, revision and adjustment of police system in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province since the time of late Qing and the Republic of China.This Dissertation is composed of three parts:the introduction, the body and the conclusion.In the part of the introduction, the significance of launching the project is introduced, followed by a literature review, research content, research method, literature sources, research innovations and further suggestions.The part of the body includes four chapters. In Chapter One, a review is made on the process of the modern police system establishment in the west, and a comparative analysis is also conducted between the Chinese society and British police system enforcement in Shanghai Concessions and the Chinese society viewed from the perspective of "the others"; In Chapter Two, the process of western policy's spreading to the east and the forming of late Qing society's notion of "learning from Japan, self-guarding with police" is demonstrated, which provides ideological basis for police system construction in late Qing. In Chapter Three, the Guangzhou Municipal Security controlling system is analyzed and the social security situation of South China is described to illustrate the accomplishment of Guangzhou police system construction in late Qing. In Chapter Four, Guangzhou police system construction in the time of the Republic of China is divided into several phrases and described correspondingly.In the conclusion part, a summary is made on the spreading process of western political system to the east (especially the transforming and acceptance of western modern police system) as well as the adjustment and changes of Guangzhou police system since the time of late Qing and the Republic of China.With the study of the spreading process of western political system to the east and the changes of Guangzhou police system since the time of late Qing and the Republic of China, this research attempts to investigate into following problems:1) By the analysis of the history of the enforcement of British marine police system in late Qing concessions, this research discusses the influence of external force on Chinese society's transformation from passive to spontaneous acceptance of western police system in late Qing; 2) This research proves that, influenced by the police system in concessions in late Qing and with the comparative study of the police systems of UK, US and Prussian-France, the late Qing authorities resorted to reformation of policies which resulted in the final and overall acceptance of the notion of "learning from Japan, self-guarding with police"; 3) By analyzing the interaction of the interior and exterior factors in the transforming process, this research demonstrates the historic significance of the spreading of western policy towards the east and the Guangzhou police system construction in the time of late Qing and the Republic of China.