| Under the background of the media ecology, this thesis has studied the literature phenomenon and literature change from the period of late Qing Dynasty to early Republican. In the view of media ecology, this passage focuses on of modern literature, especially the process of the new novel's rise, flourish and development. In other words, the topic of this paper is investigating the change of the "new novel" and the relationship with the media ecology. The research emphasizes on the extent and the way that the modern media influenced on the literature. The scope of the time is limited to the Period of last ten years in the late Qing Dynasty to the Early Republican of China(before the May Fourth Literary Revolution), that is, from 1895 to 1917.Although the study of the relationship between Modern Media and Modern Literature is not a new topic in modern Chinese literature,it relatively a weak part. However, the relationship between media ecology and the literature change is a new interdisciplinary research topic. The subject of the media ecology research is the famous statement of McLuhan's. Such as "Media is the Message", " Media the Ecology",which has three meanings: Firstly, new standards and methods of behaviors always come together with the generation of a new media; Secondly, the media (or technology) creates a new ecology, which affects the way we live and think; Thirdly, the ecology is not passive, it has a positive effect. The media is not only a static packaging, but also a positive process. The definition given by Bosiman to the "media" is: "The media is the ecology in which cultural can develop." It has two meanings: First, "the media is the ecology ... ... media and technology are ecology, because they affect our world and become a part of the world. In addition they have penetrated into every corner of the world; they affect our lifestyles. In another word, the media may not change everything in our culture, but they definitely will change everything about our culture"; Second, "Media not only affects the culture, but also has become the culture. Media is the culture. Our culture is composed with nothing but the dissemination activities, including all the communications activities. Because the media's operation mode of the leading, the most powerful and even in the dominant position are different in specific area and time . So the most important point of Bosiman about the media ecology is: we must understand the direction of media ecology and culture. Then we find out ways to counter and balance it. "According to the theory of media ecology, checking the changes in modern literature in the perspective of the media ecology becomes a new subject, and it has a unique perspective.In the period of Late Qing Dynasty to early Republican, the printed media became the dominant media. Just like literary ecology, it not only affected the production and dissemination of literature, but also be thought as a literary dimension. There were two major changes occured to Chinese Literature from Late Qing Dynasty to early Republican: First, "new novel" which brought by the Late Qing "Novel Revolution" had replaced the role of ancient literary poetry and become "hot"; Second, with the help of the New Culture Movement, the "May Fourth "New Literary Revolution made the change that "New Literature " replaced "Romance" novels, which had lost its political significance and changed from the "new novel ". It became the main culture trend in early Republican with the secular atmosphere fun and leisure. The two changes of Modern Literature happened in the modern new media ecology, and the press print media, the leading social media has played a major, even decisive role in the two changes of the literature.Modern Media came into China form west in late Qing Dynasty, and participated the spread of Chinese culture and literature, since then, the modernization of the Modern Chinese Literature and media were closely intertwined together. The Media's modernization function of Modern media in Chinese Literary is: Modern media has not only changed the production and transmission way of Chinese Literature and became the Carriers and communication channels of Chinese Literature, also was an important part of the awareness of modern Chinese literature; It not only specifically realized the material transmission of Chinese Literature change information and gave the specific meaning to Modern Chinese Literature, promoted modern production, flow and increased energy of the Chinese Literature, it also accelerated the modernization process of Chinese literature.Specifically speaking: First, with the appearance of media's power and the formation of media ecology, the modern media has participated and created "the public area" in which the modern literature can generate and realize its value. Second, the modern media directly created the new industry, such as the type producers, typographical workers, printers, etc. It also sets up new industry, like press manufacturers, ink-makers, the modernize book companies, publishing houses and so on. Thirdly, Modern media was not only the carrier of literary Communication, but it also introduced a new value system. Its production concept, production method, and public quality have changed the production and dissemination way of traditional literature. Fourthly, Modern media not only formed and carried, but also related to the modern meaning of literary text. In this way it related to the formation of aesthetic modernization. In short, it is no doubt that the media ecology created by modern media, involved in the production of Chinese literature comprehensively and extensively, which brought tremendous changes to Chinese literature and accelerated the modernization of Chinese literature.Research methods and perspective of this thesis: First Perspective of the media ecology. This thesis uses comparative method to stress on modern media, media ecology, literary phenomenon and literature change. It analyses the media's own development law and the formation of media ecology and its function in literature's generation, development and change. Second, perspective of modernization.The modern mass media itself is a kind of cultural modernization. The period of late Qing Dynasty to early Republican is an important historical and critical time in Chinese social modernization process. In this period, modern media displayed great role in Chinese modern culture and the modernization of literature. Third it is modifying the theory in the modern media ecology and comparative study of literary phenomenon descriptive. The significance of this research lies on the extent and way that modern media have influenced the Chinese modern literature in its beginning stage.Mr.Chenping Yuan wrote in his book"the transformation mode of Chinese novel narrative".Modern media (especially fiction magazines) played the key role in literary revolution.Firstly, from the beginning of"new novel", each batch of writers and each literary groups practised their artistic advocates by organising their publication .Secondly, writers established or edit literary magazines by themselves instead of the publishers. Thirdly, a large part of writers in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican made publication after their works published in newspapers. Therefore, Mr ChenpingYuan says, this is a literature era that publications is the centre. L The development of Chinese modern literary periodicals experienced three publishing climaxs from Qing Dynasty to early Republican:Firstly, from1902 to 1906.There are influential periodical—six new novels published continuously, "New novel" flourished and blossom a gorgeous color; Secondly, from 1907-1917.It experienced "rectification and innovation" period and the early Republican (1912-1917) with the "reflection and mature"period from1907 to1911."New novel" began to innovate, from political steering to multivariate pursuit such as literary aesthetic,especially in the early Republican. Because the change of social ecology, the media ecology and journal supplement had significant change, making novel creation eventually move towards leisure pursuit and emotional appeal of citizens.Finally the objective of the "new novel" ended, making the literary creation towards multiplex and mature. Thirdly, from the May 4th New Cultural Movement, especially MAO Dun took over Novel Monthly ,Media joint with university and community union. Intellectual elite and literary writers began to rally and become the backbone of the literary revolution, forming the strong and powerful media ecology, in which literature had new pursuit and new direction. This paper focuses on the first two editing climax and the new media ecology'schanges brought to literature. It does not involve the third climax. In order to compare conveniently, this paper will roughly divide "new novel" magazine into five groups according to time, policy, tendency and style. This article will respectively discuss on this basic points.The article is divided into three parts, 7 chapters.Introduction: Late Qing Dynasty to Republic of China: Media Ecology, Modernity and literary transformation.The first chapter: media ecology and the harbinger of modern literature. It mainly discusses the alliance between media and literature in Chinese localization process and the formation of media ecology; the earliest literary journals and the establishment of the earliest novels periodical; the operation ways of modern means, And the reference and influence to Chinese modern literature (mainly the modern novel) production.Chapter 2: This chapter will discuss the influences of public opinion to novel's theory and practical creating activities before the generation of "New Novels". Another is the important role of"stylish fiction" by westerners FuLan jas.Chapter 3:Tool's nature:the Initiative orientation of media and literature in the Political elites. Take New Novel New Stories Sino-Foreign Novel Lin as example. This article will elaborate on the role of media ecology and media technology that the new novel produced; Characteristics of the xinmin enlightenment political tendency etc. Politicians founded publications. Magazine publisher are also writers. Their literature concepts are close to each other although they have different political positions. They devoted themselves to political novels and insisted on the propaganda and enlightenment tools function of the publications and novel. The political views of Liang qichao, editing ideology and literature practice have far-reaching influence .It set up a new media ecology for Chinese literature especially novel development. From then on, novel had the new important role in the literature and became the mainstream. The novel bear up the political and social role that it never had .But the achievements of novel in literature and artistic is insufficient. It is active in late qing dynasty. Liang qichao's New novel is of great significance. The advocate and practice of new novel is also unprecedented.Chapter 4: Pragmatic and Gout: orientation and exploration of the media intellectual literature. Take XiuXiang Novel YueYue Novel and part of literary tabloid as examples. The characteristics of these works are as follows: the media intellectuals founded the publications and the writers are founders. Only in this way, the new novel were on the road to art. The new novel play an important role in referring foreign novels selectively, keeping the Chinese characteristic, and advocating short stories in the world. It mainly actived in late qing dynasty.Chapter 5: Art and aesthetic: The academic pursuit of scholar intellectuals. Take Novel Lin, Game World Education, World and HeNan magazines as examples. This group of publications are a little special. The founders and writers had western background . They influenced by the western aesthetic theory so they pursued a pure literature , pure art and advocated art aesthetic. The Novel Lin did certain corrective action on the excessive politicization of the new novel's theory and creation. Game World was the advocater and practitioners of the concept of Literature Game. Because of the three famous figures of WangGuowei and Zhou brothers, World Game World and HeNan had an important role in Chinese modern history of literature. The characteristics of these publications are as follows: they publishing, translating, writing, and making comments of novels simultaneously and achieving a great deal. The intellectuals who participated in publishing, creating and translating.The intellectuals are almost had western background. They were familiar with Chinese and western culture and have broaden horizon. They advocated game literature, pure literature and the utilitarian of literature. Theoretically,they have modernity. These three magazines gave new novel a pure aesthetic orientation and added new idea into the new novel theory. It mainly actived in late Ding dynasty.The media ecology and the change of new literature in the early years of the Republic of China. The modern media had new changes when it developed to the early years of the Republic of China. These situation made media ecology had new changes as well. Meanwhile, new changes also occurred in form and content on the novel. First is the changes in journal editing ideas and creative orientation and style of literature periodical. Chapter 6: Enlightenment position and Recreational gout .Take Novel Times,The Grand View of the Novel,The Illustrated Novel,Saturday (previous) as examples, this group of literary journals survived from late Qing dynasty. In a certain extent, they inherited some political characteristics from late Qing dynasty's literature periodical, at least maintained an enlightenment position on the surface. The sponsors are also the author of the novel, mainly are ChenJing han, YunTiejiao, BaoTianxiao, ZhouShouJuan, etc. The characteristic is these periodical's founding, writing and translating simultaneously. And their fame is great at that time. The most remarkable achievement is the reference and recreation of the western short stories. They made innovations in many aspects, Such as themes, form, and narrative. Under the flag of enlightenment position, they advocated the recreation ,entertainment and interesting properties of literature .It mainly actived in the early period of Republic of China.Chapter 7: Enlightenment position and leisure gout. Take Civil Rights Novel Plexus Newspaper and The Novel examples, The feature of this group of magazine are as follows: in order to avoid political interference and restrictions, the newspaper supplement turned into literature periodical, so the infotainment, leisure sex, entertainment and general audience style of the supplement are also naturally undertook down. We can say that Yuanyang group'journal is also a supplement, Yuanyang group's works are full of citizens of romantic literature emotion. It just a cover although they are also advocate enlightenment stance in their publication tenet. Sponsor and the author are XuZhenya and WuShuangre, LiDingyi etc, They got great achievements in doing newspapers, writeing and translating. They are all new literary man. They took many foreign gimmick for reference, and give priority to love (called 'miserably sentiment'). They tride to create full-length novels with pianwen and form a climate.This literary phenomenon of epic proportions could be called the literary special skill. It mainly actived in the early period of Republic of China.
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