| Literature is an art of language.Language change is undoubtedly the most intuitive and obvious factor in the course of the modernity of Chinese literature in the past 100 years.The so-called century-old modernity of Chinese literature is characterized by the modernity of literary language.One of the most important achievements of the development of Chinese literature in the past hundred years is the successful construction of the Chinese language system in the sense of standardization of modern Chinese,that is,the establishment and strengthening of the Chinese language system centered on vernacular Chinese.However,due to the traditional tendency of "emphasizing content over form",the ontological study of literary language as a symbolic medium is easily neglected;furthermore,vernacular Chinese has almost become a stereotype in the development of Chinese literature in the past 100 years,and researchers are more interested in exploring literary language issues from a static perspective.A dynamic perspective of the development of Chinese literature in the past 100 years cannot be studied in depth,and the dynamic evolution of the aesthetic level of literary language needs to be explored.Based on the media ecology and the macro-media ecology dimensions such as political,economic,cultural and technological,and from the perspective of micro-media ecology such as characters,images,newspapers and networks,with a view to explore the motive force of the change and development of Chinese literary language in the past century,for outlining a continuous historical prospect of the development of Chinese literary language in the past hundred years.The so-called "media ecology" originated from the study of Media Ecology in North America around the 1960s,which is essentially different from the study of media ecology in China at the end of the 20th century.One of the basic characteristics of media ecology in North America is the study of the relationship between human beings and media,which is based on human beings and emphasizes the influence of media on human beings,human culture or human society.It has a clear tendency of"anthropocentrism”(accurately speaking,it should be translated as "media environment").The principle and ultimate aim of media ecology in China is to establish a harmonious relationship between people,media and social system and to realize a virtuous circle of media ecosystem.Its starting point is media.But at the same time,we also see the connection between them.Because the relationship between people and media that North American media ecology pays attention to is also an important part of Chinese media ecology research,we should not only see its differences,but also realize its advantages and beneficial research methods and achievements for North American media ecology.We should criticize and absorb its reasonably so as to make full use in the study of media ecology in China.As for the differences between North American and Chinese media ecology,Chinese media ecology holds that "media is a fish" and lives in the "water" of social ecosystem.This system is composed of cultural,political,economic and technological factors,and is based on the media's survival environment(between media,between media and society).)In North America,media ecology believes that "man is a fish" and lives in the "water" constructed by the media environment.It focuses on the influence of the media on people."It tries to find out what role the media forces us to play,how the media constructs what we see,and why the media makes us feel so.Awareness and Action.The theory of media ecology centered on "media" provides a theoretical perspective for the study of this paper.Since the second half of the 20th century,with the improvement of information dissemination technology,the media has played an increasingly important role in literary activities,which has been pushed by some scholars to the "fifth element"besides the "four elements of literature".In addition to the influence of the shift of Western Linguistic Theory in the mid-1980s on literary creation and literary criticism in China,the symbolic media function of literary language has gradually attracted the attention of the academic circles,which no longer regards it as a static existence,but evolves from a dynamic change;it is no longer merely a pure Instrumental existence,also a "meaningful" form ontology.As a symbol medium,the historical change of literary language is bound to be influenced by its existing media ecology.Moreover,"Turning inward" and "turning outward" are two basic trends in the development of literary theory.The former emphasizes the importance of literary research on literary texts,while the latter emphasizes breaking the inherent boundaries of literature and expanding literary research into cultural research.The study of literary language itself belongs to the "internal study" in literary research,while the study of external media ecological factors constrained by the change of literary language belongs to the "external study",and the exploration of the delicate relationship between internal·literary language and external media ecology is a good way to link internal and external research,A methodology innovation.There is a natural connection between literary media and literary language.First of all,literary language itself is a kind of media symbol;secondly,other literary media,except literary language,are the carrier media of literary language,such as books,newspapers,e-books,literary websites,literary broadcasting,literary films and television,etc.Different media form will brings different literary language form.With the development and promotion of the position of media in literary activities,literary language has undergone different changes in the past century.As a whole,it shows the trend of changing from classical to vernacular,from elegant to popular,from static to dynamic,from symbol to image,from single to multiple,and so on.The whole paper is divided into three parts:introduction,text and conclusion.The introduction mainly introduces the theoretical horizon,the reason and thinking of the topic,the research status,the research value and significance of this paper.On the basis of the analysis of the existing literature,it affirms the existing research achievements,but there are also deficiencies.For example,the natural recognition of modern Chinese vernacular forms leads to the study of language which has been neglected for a long time.There are more achievements than static description rather than dynamic exploration of law evolution.Literary language is mostly instrumental existence rather than object reference.The theoretical depth of literary language research is not enough,and so on.However,the enhancement of the role of media in literary activities and the media nature of literary language provide us with a new research perspective-media ecology,because literary language is a kind of media symbol fundamentally,which is an important part of micro media ecology.Its generation,existence and evolution are not only influenced by other micro media(such as books,periodicals,newspapers,radio,film and television,Internet,etc.),are also influenced by the external macro construction of media ecology,such as cultural media ecology,political media ecology,economic media ecology and technological media ecology,which provides a feasible opportunity for us to study the transformation of literary language in the past century from the perspective of media ecology.The main body consists of six chapters.It is divided into chapters,which are characterized by the obvious media ecology in different periods that Chinese literary language works have experienced in the past hundred years.The first chapter is a detailed introduction of media ecology,which is the theoretical horizon and methodology principle of this paper.The so-called media ecology,that is,the existence field of media,includes not only the existence state of media itself,but also the external factors that media are subject to.As a symbol medium,literary language is an indispensable part of this field.The integrity,diversity,interaction,balance and circulation of media ecology have an important impact on the existence and evolution of literary language.Media ecology is mainly divided into macro and micro levels,and the macro level of media ecology is through the micro level of media ecology and has a direct impact on the transformation of literary language.The second chapter starts from the prominent cultural media ecology which is restricted by the literary language reform of the late Qing Dynasty,mainly including two significant cultural phenomena:the vernacular movement period of the late Qing Dynasty and the vernacular movement of the May 4th movement.Starting from Huang Zunxian's point of view of "integration of spoken and written" in the late Qing Dynasty,the reformers represented by the feudal scholar bureaucrats realized the importance of people's ideological enlightenment for saving the fate of the country and the nation,and one of the important ways of ideological enlightenment was to break the gap for traditional classical Chinese and promote the common and easy to understand vernacular.The new vernacular and vernacular style opened a new way of expression in literary creation which has contributed to the prosperity of literary style with vernacular novels as the main part.In this period,the introduction of the consciousness of modern Western newspapers and magazines stimulated the Chinese people's awareness of running newspapers.The modern Chinese newspaper industry started to provide the necessary media communication plat'form for the vernacular movement in the late Qing Dynasty,and created a new space for public opinion.As a result,Wang Tao's "newspaper style",Liang Qichao's "new people style",new nouns in European language and other new language forms emerged,which promoted the development of Chinese newspaper industry "Poetry Revolution","Novel Revolution","Literature Revolution" and other stylistic innovation movements.Obviously,the vernacular movement in the late Qing Dynasty centered on the reform of characters is a literary language reform behavior under the change of cultural media ecology.However,the political media ecology,economic media ecology,technical media ecology and audience media ecology of language media symbols have also appeared new situations.Under this joint force,the literary language of the late Qing Dynasty began to change from classical Chinese to vernacular transition.However,before and after May 4th vernacular movement in the early of the 20th century,it brought about a historic change in the language of Chinese literature.The language reform and the new style practice in this period directly brought about the modern transformation of the development of Chinese literature.Different from the vernacular movement in the late Qing Dynasty,the vernacular movement and the Mandarin Movement before and after the May 4th movement had a decisive influence on the formation of modern Chinese literary language.In the new social context,they were more revolutionary and thorough in the transformation of traditional literary language and the formation of new literary style.After Chen Duxiu,Hu Shi,Qian Xuantong,Lu Xun and other advocates of the May 4th vernacular movement with great efforts,vernacular has finally replaced the orthodox position of classical Chinese in traditional literature and become the legal language for the historical writing of modern Chinese literature.The third chapter mainly starts from the political media ecology which is restricted by the literary language reform.From the establishment of the Chinese left-wing writers' Union in 1930s to the eve of the reform and opening up,the political media ecological role restricted by the development of literature(Language)in this period is becoming more and more obvious.In the early stage,after the first KMT-CPC cooperation and split,China's domestic political power was mainly in a confrontation situation between the two major parties of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.In order to fight for the right of social discourse,establish political prestige and break the "cultural encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang,the literary camp represented by the "left League" carried out the PLO literary movement and popularized literature and art.On the one hand,the most important thing was that the literary language should be extended to the people-The popular movement of the masses.In 1938,Mao Zedong put forward the problem of "national form"transformation of Chinese literature and literary language in "on the new stage",advocating fresh and lively Chinese style and Chinese style literary form which are popular with Chinese people;the later stage is mainly reflected in the unity of state power in this period after the founding of new China.The replacement and control of cultural resources is an important aspect.From the first cultural Congress to the strong intervention of culture(Literature)in the ten-year Cultural Revolution,the writing mode of new China's literary language has been fundamentally controlled.Because of the advantages of representation and the scarcity of cultural resources,literature meets the conditions of power realization which has been constructed as a kind of literary·power in a long historical context.Generally speaking,with the establishment of new China,the political media environment of literary language has undergone fundamental changes.In this context,the construction of literary language is a top-down cultural behavior implemented by the party and the state,a literary language change under the guidance of political media ecology,which is mainly reflected on the Political,national and popular under the direction of "two for" In the seventeen years,also made great achievements in the construction of socialist culture,which led to the contemporary turn of the development of Chinese literature.The fourth chapter is mainly from the perspective of the increasingly strong ecological role of economic media ecology that literature(language)is subject to.Since that the focus of the work of the party and the state has shifted to the economic construction after the reform and opening up.The pursuit of multiple interests and literary ideals have brought about the diversified presentation of literary language.Since the new era,with the adjustment of the party's and state's policies,China's cultural construction has ushered in new opportunities for development,which are mainly manifested in rectifying the wrong cases caused by the "ten-year Cultural Revolution",re exploring and establishing the relationship between literature and politics,establishing the new "two for" policy of literature and art creation,etc.,and the cultural field has begun to develop in a benign and healthy direction.With the establishment of the economic focus of the national social development and the gradual establishment of the socialist market economy in China,a remarkable feature of literary and artistic creation in this period is the enhancement of economic orientation.The literary pattern began to develop from "integration" to diversification in the first 30 years before the founding of the People's Republic of China.The literary language presented three main directions:political discourse,elite discourse,popular discourse,etc.,and there are many possibilities under the guidance of economy.The fifth chapter mainly discusses that since the new century,with the technology media ecology playing an increasingly important role in the development of literature,the literature language has shown the characteristics of image,type,cross style,fragmentation,interaction,subversion,recreation,aesthetic loss and so on.Compared with the latter half of the 20th century,the literary pattern of the new century has undergone significant changes.With the gradual formation of China's consumer society and the great view of online literature supported by Internet technology,the sphere of influence of traditional official mainstream literature and social elite literature is rapidly shrinking,and seeking breakthrough and transformation under the new social situation;while the online literature is in the new era With the further promotion of media technology,such as radio,film and television,Internet and so on,it has a great potential to dominate the world.The new literary form is bound to present a new form of language,and the various features of literary language in the new century are the diversified presentation of literary language under the support of media technology.The sixth chapter is a brief introduction to the audience media ecology and other media ecology which are restricted by the development of Chinese literary language in the past hundred years.These two kinds of media ecology participate in the construction of literary language in any periods,and are indispensable factors for consideration.They jointly contribute to the century long transformation of Chinese literary language,which is also the result of their joint efforts.However,compared with the distinct media ecology of the previous stages,the two are slightly inferior,so a single chapter gives a brief introduction,which shows that they are not absent and constitute the integrity of the media ecology that has changed the language of Chinese literature for a hundred years.The conclusion part mainly answers what kind of dynamic changes have taken place in the development of Chinese literary language in the past century from the perspective of media ecology.Since the vernacular movement in the late Qing Dynasty in the second half of the 19th century,it has experienced the May 4th vernacular movement,the Chinese language movement,the discussion of the popularization of literature and art,the construction of the national form,the experiment of the new popular novels in the countryside,the direction of the creation of the workers,peasants and soldiers,the "discourse release" of the literary language in the new era,and then the transformation of the image and type of the literary language in the new century.It is a basic path of literary language development and transformation in the past century.Therefore,to some extent,the history of the development of Chinese literature is also the history of the change of Chinese literary language.Generally speaking,as a media symbol,literary language has many factors affecting its change.On the whole,it can be divided into cultural media ecology,political media ecology,economic media ecology,technological media ecology,audience media ecology and other media ecology.These macro factors affect the micro literary style and literary language by influencing the media,which is determined by the specific social and historical context in which literature is located.With different contexts,the strengths and weaknesses of the forces of various factors will be different,and their focus will be different.In the composition of these media ecology,besides the direct influence of media technology on literature(language),the other five are indirect factors.Of course,such a distinction is only the need of theoretical analysis.In practical literary practice,the influence on literature(language)is often the result of their joint efforts.For example,since the new era,the reform and guidance of the Party and the state on policies in the field of culture are the political media ecology that influences the change of literary language;the establishment of socialist market economy and the gradual formation of competitive mechanism of commodity economy are the economic media ecology in which literary language has changed;the relaxation and west of cultural policy.The influx of Fang's literary trend of thought is the cultural media ecology in which the literary language has changed;the innovation of media technology on which literary communication depends is the technological media ecology in which literary language occurs;under the regulation of market value law,literary production begins to pay attention to and attach importance to the literary needs of readers,which leads writers to create readers'favorite news.The audience's status in literary activities has risen in favor of literary works,that is,the audience's media ecology has an impact on literature.In addition,the differences in regional development and natural traffic conditions that affect media communication are also other ecological factors that influence the transformation of literary language.Therefore,the whole article is written in stages with a diachronic narrative path and different media ecology affected by literary language.That is to say,it is in this consideration.As a social and cultural phenomenon,the development of literary language is not isolated,but closely related to the social media ecology,such as political,economical,cultural,technological and audience. |
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