"confucian Eight School" And Then "critical"

In the 1940s, Mr. Guo Moruo published his famous Ten Critical Book. One of the most influential books is Critiques about Eight Confucian schools. It is the first time to conduct the system research for the questions of "Confucianism is divided into eight". The research for so-called "Eight Confucian Schools", is actually carries on the discussion to the question of Confucianism inheritance academic during the Warring States Period. It is not only very necessary but also the conditions are ripe, more than half a century late, after Mr. Guo to talk about this important history questions again and systematic research, rational reflection about Early Confucianism.A history of Confucianism in different era is the history Confucius thought by interpretation. And the "Eight Confucian Schools" as a representative of the Pre-Qin Confucian is the early beginning of interpretation process, is also the first time Confucian thought get the deepening of stage. Early Confucianism is the root and the source of Confucianism, so the Early Confucianism research, until now, had received all scholars' attention. Confucianism researchers cannot dabbling or research early Confucianism.Perhaps because of this, the Early Confucianism will be most dizzying and complicated. However, searching for their roots, the different points of view are actually from lacking of materials and importantance of questions.The first chapter is the introduction section. Reviewed the history of the "Eight Confucian Schools" research, pointed out that the research achievements and existing errors and the problems to be solved, carried on the critical analysis methods to the former research technique, analyzed the relationship about unearthed literature and "the recomposition of academic history", the struggle of "to doubt ancient" and "to go out the age of doubting the ancient times ", "the double evidence act" and so-called "the Gu Jiegang's difficult problem". And possibly elaborated the private judgement on the school study's traps and possibilities.The second chapter carries on the analysis and the inquisition to the reasons of " Confucianism is divided into eight". If we try to search the reason of deconstruction differentiation about the students and inheritor of Confucian, must put it in the macroscopical view of Confucianism history, under a special background of the thought and scholarship during the Warring States Period. We should not only make clear internal factors, should also examine the external cause to differentiation. The so-called internal cause is refers to expansibility; the richness of the Confucius thought that to be branched openness and the tolerance the natural and the Confucius teaching. The so-called external cause is the spread of Confucianis and infiltrated by regional characteristics, and Pre-Qin society's reforming and thought academic vicissituding and thought challenging to Confucianism.The third chapter distinguishes doubts and textual researches of old ideas about "Eight Confucian Schools", reveals the question of Han Fei-tzu's "Confucianism is divided into eight", points out that the idea is not "defendant admits" and "systematically summarized" about the dividing of Confucianism. The purpose of Han Fei is to criticize the divisions of Confucian internal, to preach his authoritarian ideology; consequently, so it isn't completely objective. This idea has no single "standard", has not strict "sequence", has some capriciousness.This "eight Confucianism" may only be part of many schools. The so-called "a school" is posterity's division, is not the parties calling self. They said that they are "really Confucius", and their subjective purpose lies in inheriting and carrying forward trainer says, not form a new school. Because the Confucian each has his disciples and composition of different "school", and has different ideas, But actually did not have as incompatible as fire and water relations. They influence each other. This chapter is to have a new discussion on Zizhang's origin and the relationship of Zizhang and Zengzi, Ziyou, analyze and combe to the question of school Si-Meng, research Zisi's born years and dying year, and his teacher-student relationship,examine the relative problems about Yanshi Confucian and Qidiaoshi Confucian, prove the relationship between Sunshi Confucian and Gongsun Nizi, Yuezhengshi Confucian and Yuezheng Zichun.The fourth chapter presents a thorough study of the Eight Confucian Schools and related issues by KongziJiayu and Liji and Dadailiji. Early researches of "Eight Confucian Schools" are considered as researches of dubious authenticity by many ancient literatures, such as KongziJiayu and Liji and Dadailiji which are very valuable. However, because these literatures have many problems during the long-term spread process, it is important to do screening on them. On the basis of these literatures, we observe and study the relationship between the four articles of Zisi of Lij and ZiSi Confucian; the chapter YanHui of KongziJiaYu and YanShi Confucian; the chapter RuGuan of KongziJia Yu,the chapter ZizhangWenGuan of DaDaiLiJi and Zizhang Confucian; the chapter RuXing of KongZiJiaYu,the chapter RuXing of LiJi and Qidiaoshi Confucian; the chapter JiYi of LiJi, the ten articles of ZengZi in DaDaiLiJi and ZengZi,YueZhengshi Confucian,ect. It will help to solve many difficult questions.The fifth chapter discusses the "Eight Confucian Schools" by newly unearthed literatures, such as the silk books from Mawangdui, bamboo slips from the Chu Tomb in Guodian, Chu Bamboo Slips at Shanghai Museum. They provide a lot of information of "Eight Confucian Schools" and other questions. We discuss the relationship of the documents written on bamboo slips and silk books and Si-Meng School,the relationship of JunZiWeiLi and Yanshi Confucian; ZhongXinZhiDao, CongZheng etc. and Zizhang Confucian; ZhongGong and ZhongGong; Zigong in the documents written on bamboo slips and silk books, YiZhuan in the Silk Books from Mawangdui and inherit of Confucius's thoughts of Yi. On the basis of early research, we present our own thoughts.The final pary is a summary. Through early development of Confucianism, we can find that Confucianism is a multiple and dialectical development. The first combination refers to Confucianism is developed to different aspects by his students. The second one refers to the combination of Confucianism by Zisi. As descendants of Confucius, Zisi has a special relationship with Confucius. His status is special and the ability of creation is great. He is the student of Zengzi, and may have close relationship with Zizhang, Ziyou, Zigong, Youzi and Zixia. Confucianism achieves the first combination by Zisi. His influence on Mencius is accepted by many scholars. He may also have close relationship with Shizi, Gongsun Nizi and Xunzi. Zisi takes a central position in Confucianism in early Warring States Period. He is worthy of leader of Confucianism.