Chinese-Eastern Railroad And Eastern Mongols

The relation of Chinese-Eastern Railroad to southern Mongols not only concerns Sino-Russian relations and Russian invasion to Mongol area, but also relates to special period in recent history of Inner Mongolia. The issue involves construction, operation and eminent domain of Chinese-Eastern Railroad, as well as social movement of Eastern Mongols. The dissertation aims to examine and represent complicated history of the time from perspective of more objective and multivariate view, based on historical documents referring Sino-Russian negotiation and international relations written in various languages. The thesis consists of five chapters.The first chapter Building Chinese-Eastern Railroad and Eastern Mongols of the Time describes surveying, investigating and constructing Chinese-Eastern Railroad, building up Chinese-Eastern Railway Company and Russo-Chinese Bank, along with establishment of Three-Eastern-Provinces Railway. Among them, this part highlights the route, stations, train working and passenger traffic of the Chinese-Eastern Railroad in Mongol area.The second chapter Chinese-Eastern Railroad Trespasses Mongolian Banners analyses how Chinese-Eastern Railroad gained privilege, despotic and priority in land use, mine exploration, lumbering and fishing through signing unequal' agreement' and 'treaty' with Qing government, Jilin and Hei Longjiang Provinces, as well as Hulun Boir Mongol Banner; and discusses the process of Chinese-Eastern Railway exceeds the formulated region to pillages diverse resources of Mongol area.Third chapter Chinese-Eastern Railroad and Animal-Husbandry, Agriculture and Industry of Eastern Mongols pays attention to the economic and production style of Eastern Mongols in context of the time. Large group of immigrants from Russia undertook animal husbandry and different kinds of manufacturing engineering along the railroad in Mongol area resulted in changes of traditional economic structure and brought immunization and animal betterment technologies and modern industrial administration pattern at the same time. Immigrants from central China cultivated grassland and made the social conflict of Eastern Mongols even more complicated and severe. Nature of Sino-Russian trade relations in Mongol area had changed during the time, train stations like Hailar and Manjuur became the collecting and distributing center for agriculture and animal products. Development of industry and commerce stimulated emergence of newly-built cities and towns.The Forth Chapter Chinese-Eastern Railroad and Political, Military and Cultural Events of Eastern Mongols argues that Russia dispatched road-protecting-army for the purpose of military occupation in fact. And then the author expounds tsarist Russia's attempt of infiltrating political and economic influence toward Mongol Banners through analyzing Wutai's case of Russian Debt. The chapter involves intensive study of Hulun Boir, Wutai and Babujab's 'independence' and 'self-governing' activities as well, which relates to Chinese-Eastern Railroad directly or indirectly.Taking Chinese-Eastern Railroad construction, Japan-Russian Secret Agreements (three times of), American Open Door Policy and Chinese-Eastern-Railroad Affair as examples, fifth chapter International Competition over Chinese-Eastern Railroad and Eastern Mongols discusses the influence of international and domestic competition regarding Chinese-Eastern Railroad on Eastern Mongols, and describes the process of selling Chinese-Eastern Railroad to Puppet Japan.