The Study Of Prisoners In Soviet (1941—1956)

The treatment of the prisoners has also been the controversial topic in the international community, especially since World Warâ…¡. Because of the destructive damage brought from the France maltreated and massacred thousands of prisoners during the World Warâ…¡, the treatment of prisoners has been paid more attention from the international community. As the main participants of the World Warâ…¡, Soviet has a large-scale camp for capturing the prisoners after World Warâ…¡, and the number of captured prisoners is to 5,000,000, the time that detained is to ten years.This paper is divided into preface, main body, and conclusion, the preface is about the research overview and the main problem in this paper, and the main body is included seven parts as follows:First, introducing the overall situation about the agency for administering the prisoners affairs. During the World Warâ…¡, the reception, arrangement, medical affairs, the supply of materials, labor, political education, repatriation and so on affairs is in the charge of the House People's Committee in the Soviet Union and the People's Services Administration. With the alteration of War situation, the captured quantity and the tasks, the Administration's name, task, construction and the scale is different from time to time in order to complete the prisoner affairs. As the most of the prisoners were repatriated, the Administration is finally repealed on April 20,1953, and whose responsibility is transferred to the Bureau of Prisons.Second, discussing about the reception and custody work, to whom is paid more attention from the Soviet. During the receiving, the inquiry and record about the prisoners is very carefully, beside of, the detention system is also in accordance with international law. Although most of the basic rights of prisoners have been protected, there is some non-compliance only in the actual custody. As the Soviet housing shortage, a serious shortage of supply of materials and a sharp increase in a short period of time prisoners of war and a number of factors, the conditions of detention of prisoners of war has been poor in a very long time, Even in the early postwar period, it is still crowded, dirty, lack of heating facilities, and other phenomena in the camp. Third, describing the funds and material supply problems of prisoners. The financial position of the prisoner camp could be divided into two phases, before 1945 it is mainly depended on national funds and after is a self-financing and independent economic unit. The food and other daily necessities, the supply of standard throughout the custody has been low, especially before 1947. Due to the low supply of food standards, the prisoners suffered from higher rates of malnutrition and vitamin deficiency, which could be said that the lack of food supply is the most important causes of sick, death and deteriorating health.Fourth, we will have a study on physical labor of prisoners in Soviet. In order to compensate for the serious shortage of domestic labor, and offset the custody expenses, the Soviet made the prisoners work in the construction, mining and metallurgy and other fields. With the Soviet supply situation and the improvement of labor conditions, the improvement of the forms of labor organization and the introduction of incentives, as well as anti-fascist propaganda and political education work ongoing, gradual digestion of the hostility of the prisoners of war, labor activists and labor and increased the capacity, labor the efficiency of a gradual increase in wages to offset the custody of the proportion of expenditure is increasing year by year. The labor of prisoners to make up the Soviet Union a serious shortage of labor, made an important contribution to the restoration and development of the Soviet economy. At the same time, they also have to pay a higher price.In the fifth chapter, we analyze the health of prisoners of war and the burial of the dead prisoners of war. The organization of prisoners'Medical and health work is very complex and difficult. Although the Soviet government has taken many measures to improve the prisoners of war prevention, treatment and health care, reduce morbidity and mortality. However, due to a variety of objective constraints, there were still some shortcomings in the health of prisoners. In the long term morbidity and mortality of prisoners has been high, and the prisoners were poor ability to work. Because Soviet prisoners of war mortality rates remain high, and the death of prisoners of war often happens in the process of receiving, transporting, imprisonment and labor, so the death statistics and burial work of prisoners of war is very difficult, even if have a slightest negligence, it will result in the inaccurate death statistics of prisoner of war, and it will be difficult to find the burial place of prisoners of war and other issues. So the Soviet government has attached more importance to this work and take corresponding measures on problems and shortcomings of the death statistics of the prisoners of war and buried more detailed work rules, and for the practical work to However, due to various adverse factors at work, it remains a death certificate unfilled in enough detail, the lack of cause of death, the inaccurate toll death statistics, the prisoner of war cemetery lacked markings.Sixth, describing the political and anti-fascist work of the prisoners. Many prisoners captured at the beginning of the Soviet Union, there are prejudices and misunderstandings, even hostile, some of them fascists and hostile elements in the prisoner camp and the production process engaged in espionage and sabotage. Their behavior is not only to prisoners of war work to carry out the inconvenience, but pose a threat to property and security of the Soviet Union. So in the beginning of the prisoners of war to receive, the Soviet government made them receive the anti-fascist propaganda and political education. Prisoners through newspapers, books, clubs, progressive organizations, anti-fascist school and political training courses to promote the anti-fascist ideology, exposing the fascist regime and its crimes, showing the remarkable progress of democracy in the Soviet Union and socialist construction, informed at home and abroad to occur important events to publicize the Soviet Union made great contributions to safeguard world peace and security, which play an important role on eliminating the prisoners of war in the minds of the remnants of Nazism and militarism thinking, recognizing the crime of aggression, easing the hostility of the Soviet Union to reduce labor in the process of sabotage and vandalism, improving labor enthusiasm and productivity aspects.Seventh, we will illustrate the repatriation of prisoners. At the beginning of the 1945 Soviet-German war was over, the Soviet Union began to repatriate prisoners, until the end of 1956 ended the repatriation finally. Not only the time of repatriation is long, the process of repatriation is full of more twists and turns, complicated and confusing, which is mainly due to the diplomatic, political and economic factors. The Soviet firstly repatriated the Allied prisoners and the politically reliable prisoners, all aspects of performance and disability to work of prominent prisoners of war, as well as injuries and other prisoners of war. The Soviet Union paid more attention to the material support for the repatriation of prisoners, and provided a more adequate and quality food, good quality clothes in the prisoner repatriation of the way, so the situation is better, attrition is less.The lastly is the conclusion about this paper, Pointed out that the Soviet government has attached more importance to the treatment of prisoners, and takes a series of measures to improve the treatment of prisoners of war, but war-battered Soviet economy has seriously affected the level of the treatment of prisoners, so the standards of the food supply for prisoners has been low, relatively crowded living conditions, labor intensity is too large, insufficient supply of medical personnel and medical supplies, prevalence and mortality rates remain high, disability to work until the 1947.