Jin Dialect Zhiyan Piece Voice

Zhiyan cluster of Jin dialects is located in the north-central part of Yan'an region, northern of Shanxi Province, including seven counties which are Wuqi, Zhidan, Ansai, Yanan, Ganquan, Yanchang, and Yanchuan. There are mainly two kinds of dialects in Zhiyan cluster:Laohu dialect and Shangtou dialect. "Laohu dialect" refers to the dialect spoken by Laohu within these counties. "Shangtou dialect" refers to the dialect with Yulin characteristics which is spoken by Yulin immigrants within these counties.The author studies samples taken at 16 dialect points in Zhiyan cluster.With a systematic investigation and a detailed description of Laohu dialect and Shangtou' dialect, the paper tries to present the overall picture of phonetic features in Zhiyan cluster, reveal the common phonetic features and internal diversity of Zhiyan dialects, and make a horizontal comparison and vertical study of some important phonetic phenomenon.Moreover,based on dialect comparison and case analysis,this paper surveys the changes in dialect contact of Laohu dialect and Shangtou dialect, and explores the patterns and the rules of them.Chapterâ… briefly introduces the geography, history, population origin, dialects and a review on the research of Zhiyan cluster. At the same time, it introduces its research contents, value and method, etc.Chapterâ…¡describes the phonological system and features of Laohu dialect in Zhiyan cluster.Chapterâ…¢investigates the historical evolution of initial consonants, final sounds and tones of Zhiyan cluster.Chapterâ…£describes the phonological systems and phonetic features of Shangtou dialect of Zhiyan cluster.Chapterâ…¤observes and analyzes the contact among Laohu dialect, Guanzhong dialect and Shangtou dialect,and summarizes the types and features of dialects'contact in Zhiyan cluster.The rest part confirms the scope of Zhiyan cluster in Jin dialects and makes a summary of the whole paper.The main findings are: First, there are two types of the ancient voiced consonant initials:Pingsongze nonaspirated and aspirated. Wuqi, Zhidan and Laohu dialects belong to Pingsongze nonaspirated, and the rest five counties'dialects belong to the aspirated.They were originally aspirated, but today in the dialects of Zhiyan cluster, "Quanzhuo aspirated"is shrinking because of the influence of the authoritative dialect.Second, the long-Rusheng and short-Rusheng of Yanchuan dialect is the exhibition of evolution of Rusheng in various phase. "Rusheng lengthening" is a way of evolution of these dialects which lie in the southern area of Suide (including Suide) along the Yellow River, including Yanchuan dialect.Third, "Shangsheng" and "Qusheng" have been mixed together in Yanchuan and Yanchang dialects.In Wuqi, Zhidan, Ansai, Yanan and Ganquan dialects, "Shangsheng" differs from "Qusheng",and will not be mixed together.Fourth, Laohu dialects of Wuqi, Zhidan, Ansai, Yanan and Ganquan show open attitude towards Guanzhong dialects. They gradually lose their original phonetic features and absorb phonetic features from the Guanzhong dialects, which makes the phonetic system develop towards the Guanzhong dialects. Yanchang Laohu dialect is also influenced, but not as deeply as the other Laohu dialects. In contrast, Yanchang dialect is more conservative, which remains more features of Shanbei Jin dialects.Fifth,there are two types of contact in the Zhiyan district of Jing dialect:Adjacent contact and Immigration ingoing. Adjacent contact type includes two subtypes:Input type and Infectious type. The contact within the Guanzhong dialects and Laohu dialects belongs to Input type. Immigration ingoing type includes two subtypes: Ethnic-group-live-together type and Different-ethnic-groups-live-together type. The contact within Laohu dialect and Shangtou dialect belongs to Immigration ingoing type.Sixth, Zhiyan cluster is in the transition zone between Jin dialects and Zhongyuan Mandarin. Laohu dialects have been deeply influenced by Guanzhong dialects,which belongs to Shanbei Jin dialects with obvious Guanzhong Mandarin's style.Yanchuan dialect has a different phonetic feature from other dialects of Zhiyan cluster, and it should be included by Lvliang cluster Fenzhou subcluster of Jin dialects. Zhiyan cluster of Jin dialects includes the following six county dialects:Wuqi, Zhidan, Ansai, Yanan, Ganquan and Yanchang.