The Research On The Six Ministers Of Jin Kingdom

The six Ministers of Jin Kingdom is the important content of Jin history study.focusing on The six Ministers of Jin in the spring and Autumn period, This articleresearches the regulation systems without childes, Jin military rules, The six Ministers,the boom and Perish of each minister, the monarch hegemony war, the relationshipbetween the six ministers and the seigneur with its influence for Jin Kingdom, thisarticle is totally divided into eight chapters.The first chapter introduces the regulation systems without childes of Jin. AfterJinZhao Marquis knighted his uncle Cheng Shi (Huan Shu) in Qu Wo, Huan Shustarted the war of getting throne with other seigneurs of Yi. Through 67 years'effortof three generations, Qu Wo replaced Yi in Wugong time finally, Quwo Wugong wasadmitted by Zhou Royal, and was officially conferred the title of Jin Seigneur andbecame Jinwu Duke. Under the threat of Huan and Zhuang clans in JinXian Duketime, JinXian Duke killed the two clans, and wiped out a batch of childes. Thereafter,JinXian Duke killed the prince Shen Sheng at the provocation of Liji, banished theZhonger, Yiwu, and their childes, and stipulated that all childes except the one to beseigneur could not stay in Jin and should emigrate to other seigneur. Since then theregulation system of Jin without childes was establishedThe military system is the second chapter. After Quwo replaced Yi, ZhouEmperor ordered Jinwu Duke to take one army as Jin marquese, and from then on theJin army had experienced frequent changes and finally fixed as 3 combinationmilitary regulations at No.15 year of Jin Dao Duke because of strategy, militaryleaders vacancy and military punish rewards rules. Since then there had not beenchanged any longer. Influenced by city and Suburb system, well-field system, villaticcommunity system and fief system, the content of Jin military system, the same asthat of the other kingdoms in Spring and Autumn Period, implemented the policies to unite military with policy, army with people, and there was no a standing army. Themilitary initially followed the soldier's selection rules of region restriction, which isthe people living in city have the right to be soldier while in Suburb without it. latergradually broke this boundaries limitation, and all people have the right to be a soldierAs the development of production capability and the need of war, the boundary ofregion limitation was broken and all people had the right to be a solider too. At thesame time, there was also military reward system in Jin Kingdom. The Jin army wasmainly composed of the regular army which took the people under the control ofseigneur both in city and suburbs as the main force, feoff soldiers and personal armedforces which included the ministers, retainers, trusted aide and slaves. The powerstrength of such three army forces changed all the time, and the loss and gain of theirpower strength was the power fighting process between Jin seigneurs and theministers, as a result, in politics, the monarchial power at first was above the power ofthe ministers, but now the two rights were at a stalemate. And the monarchial powerdecayed, the power of the ministers became strong and this led to disruption by threeministers.The six ministers of Jin Kingdom is introduced in the third chapter. After JinwenDuke returned and succeeded to the throne, he established the three armies andfounded six Ministers system. Six ministers are not only high-ranking officers butalso responsible for governing the country and in charge of the politics, military andforeign affairs of Jin Kingdom. In the Jin army, the ZhongJun is the most honorable,next is the ShangJun and the last one is the XiaJun. When Jin Kingdom establishedSanXing and new army, the order of Zhong, Shang(right), Xia(left) is followed, whichmeans the ZhongJun commands Xia Jun and the Shang Jun commands the Xia Jun.This is embodied in the order of zhongjunjiang, zhongjunzuo, shangjunjiang,shangjunzuo, xiajunjiang and xiajunzuo. The others follow the same order. Within thearmy, Junjiang lead junzuo. When given different orders, the army should obey itsjunjiang and junzuo firstly. The appointment of six ministers of Jin Kingdomfollows the principles of hereditary official and fortune system, promotion in order,by-election and ruling the country in turn by many minister clans. Formulated and coordinated by such principles, the six ministers of Jin Kingdom plays an importantrole in all affairs. With the development and maturity of six mnisters, the fightingbetween military power and minister power and the fighting among ministers becamemore and more intense, finally, the minister power suppressed the military power andonly Han, Zhao, Wei minister clans are left to divide Jin Kingdom in the fightingamong minister clans.The Prosperous boom and abolition of the first four ministers is introduced in thefourth chapter. This charpter takes a research on the six ministers in a broad sense,which are the eleven main minister clans who had been high-ranking officers in JinKingdom. By discoursing the main characters and events of eleven minister clans,their emergency and abolition is explained, at the same time, by describing theprocess of fighting, suppressing, emergency and abolition, and superseding, thefighting situation between monarchial power, the fighting among minister clans andthe history of Jin Kingdom is reflected. This chapter mainly introduces the emergency,development and decay of Hu clan, Xu clan, Xian clan and Shao clan.The fifth chapter is the emergency and abolition of next three ministers. Thischapter mainly introduces the emergency, development and decay of Luan clan, Fanclan, Zhongxing clan and Zhi clan.The sixth chapter is the emergency and abolition of the last three ministers. Thischapter mainly introduces the emergency, development and decay of Han clan, Weiclan and Zhi clan, dividing up Jin Kingdom by such three ministers and theestablishment of new kingdoms.The seventh chapter introduced the monarchs'generations and the war empire ofJin as well as the relationship between the monarchs and the six Ministers.By winningthe war of Chengpu,JinWen Duke established the Jin empire firstly,JinXiang Duckcarried forward of Jin hegemony, but later Jin hegemony has declined, especially bylosing the battle with Chu kingdom, then, Chu kingdom dominated that period withsupremacy. Jin kingdom did not win the supremacy until it defeated the Chu kingdomat the battle of Yanling. However, after JinDao Duke, the power of kingdom declineddown while the power of ministers grew up. And the six ministers started to focus on their own minister clan, and tried to remain invincible in the fighting among ministerclans. Since then, they showed no zeal for the war of empire and resulted in the decayof Jin Kingdom. As the expansion of minister clans and the development of ministerpower, the relationship between the six ministers and seigneur changed. At first, theminister power was dominated by seigneur, fought against the monarchial power, andthen suppressed the monarchial power, and finally the monarchial power waned, theminister power became the strongest and divided up Jin Kingdom.The eighth chapter introduces the influence of six ministers on Jin Kingdom. Sixministers system of Jin Kingdom and all minister clans have deep influence on JinKingdom. On one hand, it contributes greatly to the war of empire of Jin Kingdom,and makes Jin Kingdom become the one who enjoyed the longest time in the war ofempire during the Spring and Autumn Period, which promotes the development of JinKingdom and keeps the longest stability of the Central Plains. But on the other hand,it brings disaster for childes and seigneurs of Jin Kingdom. As the growth of theminister power, childes and seigneurs had no advantage in front of ministers, werefrequently suppressed by minister power, slowly waned and finally was disrupted anddisintegrated.