Russian Corpora And Corpus-based Grammatical Research

The development of modern Russian corpora has the late-mover advantage. InRussia, while the construction of Russian corpora continues, the applied research ofCorpora has been started. Research on Russian corpus and its applications in domesticRussian sector are still rare, therefore, there is an urgent need to systematically analyzethe theories of the Russian corpus construction and to develop applied research based onthe Russian corpora.The Russian National Corpus (RNC), as an embodiment of Russian linguisticcorpora, is the biggest academic corpus in Russia, which, in terms of size, depth ofannotations, and retrieval systems ranks first among the world linguistic corpora. Thispaper is aimed at both a systematic analysis of the constructive theories of Russiancorpus and a tentative study of Russian based on corpus.The texts of RNC covers11th-14thand19th-21stCenturies, and the sub-corporainclude the parallel text corpus, the dialect corpus, the corpus of poetry, the teachingcorpus, the spoken corpus, the newspaper corpus, the syntactic corpus, the accentedcorpus and multimodal corpus; Its annotation for metadata of text is in line with theEAGLES specification, the morphological annotation follows the tradition of Russianlinguistics, the syntactic annotation is based on the dependency grammar, the semanticannotation reflects the latest research results of the Russian Lexical Semantics;Retrieval system can perform search by lemma, by the form of word, by syntax, bysemantics, or by combinations of them.The main philosophical basis of Corpus Linguistics is empiricism, whileemploying a bottom-up approach in general, including a corpus-driven approachand corpus-based approach. However, it also uses a top-down method andcorpus-illustrated approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research.Lexicology is one of the main applied directions of Corpus Linguistics. With thecorpus approach, the scope and the methods of the traditional lexical study have beenextended. In the present paper, a diachronic study on "pojezd"(train), theanimateness-inanimateness of Russian nouns,the characteristics of the structure "tol'ko i V1, shto V2" at different levels of language are analyzed; Conduct research on thedifferences of the meanings "krome"(except) in semantics, syntax and pragmatics; thedistribution of the non-standard forms of adverbial participle in the modern Russianinvestigated and their evolution trend analyzed.The application of corpus linguistics is clearly not limited to the field of lexicology.In Russian the use of corpus in other areas of research remains to be further explored.