The Research On Xunzi's Management Philosophy

Xunzi, who lived in the late Warring States period, is not only a philosopher, but also a management thinkers. As the last famous Confucians of the pre-Qin period, he faced with the late Warring States period great social disorder, so he think about the management issues with the philosophical thinking, his management philosophy not only includes the wisdom of relations between the Heaven and the human, theory of human nature, but also include the theory of "Ming fen" and "Li fa", so that his philosophy of management system are more perfect. In this paper, the writing thought is along his philosophical views, such as the heaven-human relationship theory, theory of human nature, to dicuss the management subject, management object, management means, management issues such as the ultimate value. The solution to these problems is an important reflect on the Chinese philosophy "Shuntian yingren "concept.His theory of "Know the difference between the heaven and the human " and "obey the heaven's rule" broke the mandate of heaven worship, and let the human become the mainstay of management; his relations between the heaven and the human has two way connection. The first is a top-down tie which means the heaven can arrange the human's life, Xunzi disconnect this kind of tie, he don't believe it; the other is a down-up tie, namely the human should imitate the rule of heaven. this is a Ethical problem and governance structure problem. he think the most impotent role of the heaven is let the human to life comfortably, not to harm them. so this should to be a basic rule of the human management. At the same time, the order of the Heaven and the Ground show us a reasonable governance structure, that is the human must have different level in the social structure, rather than the absolute average and uniform.His "the human nature is evil, but can be good through learning " make the management has a philosophical ground. Xunzi is clearly out of the shackles of Mencius, standing in the society's point of view to discuss the question of good and evil. The so-called goodness is order, the so-called evilness is disorder. This definition is key point to understand Xunzi's theory. This is a great change, from the personal moral cultivation to Zhenglipingzhi good shift in the fundamental sense for his legal theory provided space. From the management perspective, the human nature assumption as " evil" is a reasonable determination, as Xunzi said, if people are good inherently, management will be not necessary. In the history of human development, nature hypothesis is only an ideal moralism, and is more harmful for human. Xunzi's theory is largely agrees with the laws of historical development.His group concept for life, set the ultimate value goal Xunzi based on the evil nature, argues that people group life forms must be on self management needs, as if living in groups, is bound to exist with the evil of human nature and people cannot be separated from each other. the human must have their own legislation, so that management can be produced; although gregarious but if there is no certain rules of conduct, to regulate people living together, will cause people to dispute and reduce the survival ability, cannot win things, also lost the social possibilities, as Kant said:" the human should legislate for themselves", in Xunzi's opinion legislation is: Ritual and law. Through the law regulation, so as to realize the human's harmony."Li" and "Fa" is a symmetric relation on the ceremony, they establish concept of right and wrong, at the same time also will realize the human's harmony, through the law enforcement action, reward the virtuous, maintain a unified structure, thereby realizing human's harmony.His "Mingfen" theory and theory on the relation between Li and Fa achieve the purpose of providing a human management methodology. Xunzi's theory of Ming Fen combines the key thought of Confucianism and Taoism, his Ming is able to recognize the Heaven.can keep the governance hierarchy. It is prescribed four lower levels of content, is also the most practical part, it mainly lies in the "Distribution on Li""depend on both Li and Fa","use the wisdoms","save for people" four aspects.His theory on the relationship between Li and Fa apparently broke the law against traditional values, he thinks that Li and Fa cannot be independent in the management; they must omplement each other. But Xunzi as an important man of Confucianism, he think Li has a more important role. Since Li is important, what should it rely on to maintain it? According to the traditional Confucian ideas, Li depends on inherent moral belief by, in Confucius, Mencius it is "benevolence". Confucianism are based on a good human nature foundation, in this way the management of state may cause great problems. Xunzi recognizes that the good behaviors of the leader mustn't can make the people become positive, so we must use the combined ways of punishment and teaching them how to do things.Xunzi not only has the management thought of "Longlizhongfa", he also use the "Yi" spirit to guide them. It make his view has both the traditional inheritance and discerning innovation. Xunzi said:"Yi means reasonable ", in Xunzi's view, if only we have the spirit of Yi, we can become wise in doing things.His leading theory of "Distribution on Li" provides specific basis for organizational forms, organizational ethics, improving management level and how to use the human recourses correctly.Only one leading center:in order to achieve the orderly operation of organization, the elimination of two control center is necessary. It will help to form a stable and effective power center, to coordinate the command members of the organization behavior.Organizational ethics of "making profit by the right way": in Xunzi's thought, he put great attention on the foundations and principles of Li system look it as the core of the national management ethics. The realization of social and ritual as the basic organizational ethics also is the implementation of benevolent rule. That means the management not only for the managers'interests, but also should pay attention to people's interests. In Xunzi's view, the desire of benefit isn't the key of governance, The key lies in whether we can make profit by the right way. That is to say, we should do things on the public benefits and interests, rather than through the robbery by force or trickery to obtain interests. The organization should have access to benefits, but never to get a benefit through unethical ways.on Xunzi, the philosophy and management had combined perfectly. His theory on relations between the Heaven and the human breakthrough the obstacle of destiny, and let the human become the controller of management; His theory on the nature of human, let us know why management is necessary for a good life; His theory on group harmony set a ultimate goal for management; His theory on "Ming fen " and "Li fa " achieves the purpose of providing a management methodology; His theory on leadership,"Yi li fen shi", points out the source and basis of authority.This article is written along Xunzi's method, First I concern about his philosophical points, let us know "what is human being", which can help us to be a "wisdom";then we move the key things to real management, discussing his theory on "Ming fen" and "li fa" which can help us to know "what is the right things"The basic conclusion of Xunzi's management philosophy is:"Let the wisdoms do the wise things"...