A Study Of The Financial Operation In The Period Of Qin&Han Dynasties

The financial operation in the period of Qin&Han Dynasties include two parts, not only the internal part containing the set of financial system, financial ranks and financial bureaucracy, but also the influence by external part, such as political environment and social life. Therefore, the change of financial operation was integrated. Despite the difference between different dynasties, the financial system basically adopted the version of Qin&Han Dynasties, as well as monopolization, mint and average transaction. In a word, the financial operation in the period of Qin&Han Dynasties has established the basic frame of national financial operation during feudal period for more than two thousand years. On the basis of former research, the paper tries to analyze and research the changes of financial operation in the period of Qin&Han Dynasties by using traditional historical document and the excavated bamboo strip. With the help of finance, ethnology and sociology, the paper research the influence to financial operation by various factors, including change of politics, ups and downs of economy, military conflict and ethnic problem. The aim of the paper is to get the development of the financial operation in the period of Qin&Han Dynasties into shape and deeply explore its change and evolution.The paper involves introduction and three chapters. The introduction part first introduces the related abstract and the problems of financial operation in historian circle. Although there are many papers referring to the finance, few of them deeply involves the financial operation. The first chapter mainly talks about a series of financial measures in Qin Dynasty, including national fist-rank financial system, two independent financial systems and so on. It shows that the heavy tax and huge amounts of consumptive expenses in that period radically destroyed the social production. The second chapter refers to the financial operation in different period of West Han Dynasty. With the development of land annexation, the big family including landlords and businessmen gradually became the main power to fight for wealth against government. The war against Hun once influenced the financial operation. For example, Emperor Wu Di of the Han dynasty put the national finance into military finance field. Xin Dynasty raised money from industry and commerce to solve the problem of military expenses of the war against Hun. They carried out the "Liu Guan" system in a wide range. The third chapter mainly refers to East Han Dynasty. At the beginning of this period the government suppressed these big family in politics, but they didn't do it in economy field. So bureaucrats, landlords and businessmen developed quickly. The problem of land annexation and slaves and maids became more serous than that of the former dynasty. In the middle and later periods of East Han Dynasty, relatives of the emperor and eunuchs ruled the country in turn. Soon the eunuchs controlled the country. This not only made the financial expense grew excessively, but also influenced the local finance and made them overused as well. The military expenses of the war against Qiang even became the aim of malfeasant to raise money.