Disaster Han Social Studies

DOCTORA~ DISSERTATION Abstract From early days, natural disaster frequently happened in China, and had caused very grave effect on Chinese ancient history. For this reason, foreign scholar called China as 揟he Land of famine? From the angle of the natural disaster, this article looks on 揟he natural disaster and the society?as the research theme and regards the ancient early period of China The Han Dynasty society as the object of research,, 揟he natural disaster and the society?being studied in many aspects. The article consists of seven parts: The introduction discusses the effect of the natural disaster on human civilization in general, illustrates the necessity and the deep significance of studying the theme of 揟he natural disaster and the society?historically, explains briefly the state-of-art of study on the natural disaster and the Han Dynasty by academic circles, as well as the train of thought of the article. The first chapter studies drought, flood, earthquake, plague of insects, disease, plague of snow and frost, freeze, wind, hail concretely, probes the general situation of each disaster, such as the distributive alignment in time and place, and finds out the regularities of disaster. In the meantime, this part is also the base and the background of the following chapters, which focus on 揟he natural disaster and the society? The second chapter studies the causes of the disasters of the Han Dynasty from the natural and the social points of view in the light of the modem science. The article considers the monsoon, the varied climate and the abnormal motion of the stars as the natural cause, also the main 3 DOCTORAL DiSSERTATION cause, which bring about the disaster frequently happened in the Han Dynasty. But improper agriculture and manufacture, the extravagant life and the war, which destroyed the ecological balance, are the social cause not to be ignored. Since climate is the main reason which effected ancient disasters, on the basis of absorbing and drawing lessons from academic circles?conclusions of the Han Dynastic climate, this part studies with emphasis on the Han Dynasty climate, and advances the author抯 own view. In the article, the author draws a conclusion: cold and warm varied in the Han Dynasty抯 climate, is not as what many scholars studied, Xi Han Dynasty抯 climate seems colder and Dong Han Dynasty抯 climate seems warmer, cold and warm varied frequently. Drought and moist also varied. The third chapter studies the thoughts on the disaster in the Han Dynasty. The article tells the differences between the calamity and the abnormality in the Han Dynasty, and bases on them, the thoughts on the disaster in the Han Dynasty is studied. The theory of disaster in the Han Dynasty is divided into four individual parts: the disaster theory of negative and positive and five elements, the disaster theory of God condemn, the disaster theory of celestial body motion, and the disaster theory of the natural law. The chapter sums up these theories and discusses them accordingly. .4 The fourth, fifth, and sixth chapters study the roles of...