Research On The Practice Of Scholars And Style Of Ci From Middle Tang Dynasty To Northern Song Dynasty

In the transition of Chinese feudal society from "the Middle Ancient Time" to "the age of recent antiquity",it was an important period from the Middle Tang Dynasty to Northern Song Dynasty.The most significant ehangs took place during this period were the declining of hereditary lords,the rising of concubine lords,and their holding dominant positions till last.In the light of historical culture ,this periord belong to "the Forming of Concubine Lords Culture ",As a result of this newly developing culture ,there came Ci of scholar.This thesis is on purpose to make a survey on the dynamic relation between practice of scholars and the style of Ci in the above mentioned period,during which concubine had risen and grown steady.While we are also to trace out the historical culture inside information that exercised profound influence on the practice of scholars and style and of Ci in that period of time.During the transformation of historical period,scholar-officials came to remould their ideal notion of personality.lt has taken a great chang on their way of chasing spritual freedom as well as their tendancy of culture mentality.As a typical case on this cultural phenomenon,M r Bai juyi,looked up by most schorlas in Northern Song Dynasty for his behavior that initial outstandingly show that above mentioned chang,was respected by Vlr Sushi as the only admirable one.In comparison with poem and prose or other spiritual works,Ci representatively and distinctively reflects practice and ideas of scholars in that time.It can be said,in some case,that the style of Ci of scholar had formed as literature and art developed naturally,since the Middle Tang Dynasty to Northern Song Dynasty,while the style forming can be regarded as some obejective reflection of scholar's practice.The developement of scholar's Ci from beginning to early thrivingto plurality was profoundly influenced by the developement of scholar's notion of personality,\vhich had gone through from "genius" to"loafer" to "trinity of government official, scholar and genius".The broad-minded style expressed in Ci is closely related with scholars' mind of " modrate hermit".While Ci of Biddism and Taoism is closely related with scholars' idea of practical use on Biddism and Taoism.Then the scholars' weak tendancy of cultural mentality resulted in the subtle and concise of Ci's style .