Studies On Synonym Of Monosyllabic Notional Words In Guoyu

Doctoral Candidate: LeiLi Tutor: Professor Song Yongpei Studies on special problem of special ancient Chinese works are the basic research work of studying on ancient Chinese. It is necessary to carefully research the whole developing history of Chinese in order to write a perfect Chinese history, and the resource of Chinese had developed during Pre-Qin and Han dynasty period, at the same time the research on Chinese during thes6 periods is scarce, so it is very necessary to study it. And special studies on vocabulary in special ancient Chinese works are the bases of studying on Chinese history, then this is a very important study. It is said by Cheng Xiangqing that we can find out the features and relations only through studying each book in each era.Guoyu is an earliest national history in China, and is one of the recorded prose works 'in Pre-Qin era. Its content is rich, it is clearly recorded, its language material is reliable, its time is basically exact. The languages in Guoyu is clear, easy, fluent and vivid, which reflects the strictness of written language, the vividness of spoken language, the language features in Guoyu is closely connected with the practical style, up to now, no one has made special and detail studies on the Guoyu'svocabulary system, so we carefully made studies on synonym of monosyllabic notional words in Guoyu, and researched the related theories.The comparing and testing method is used in this article, fist basis in Guoyu is searched to define synonym relationship of words, then the relationship is verified according to Weizhao notes and materials used to explain ancient Chinese. Then, all examples which contain the words with synonym relationships are searched, the semantic meanings in these examples are defined, in the end, all semantic meanings are collected, which help to generalize the semantic meaning system of each word of the group of synonym. On the basis of this work, the similar and difference among the group of synonym are analysed, main forming styles and distributing features of synonym of monosyllabic nof ional words in Guoyu are analysed, forming reasons and forming ways are researched, theories drawn from above research provide some materials, theories, conclusions for researching special ancient Chinese works.The article is divided into nine parts.1. Introduction. In this part aim and task, theories and methods, selection and choice of language materials, value of studies on synonym of monosyllabic notional words in Guuoyu are introduced.2. The situation of studying on this topic. The situation and achievements of studies on synonym, the several basic problems of studies on Chinese synonym, which include synonym definition standard, defining method, synonym definition, the synonym classification, synonym discrimination, synonym syntactical functions, are introduced in thisarticle. The synonym definition standard are summed up as following. The first synonym definition standard is the theory of "meaning is same or similar", the core of this theory is that the meanings of synonyms are same or similar. The second synonym definition standard is "sememes are same" theory, the core of this theory is that there are one or several saine sememes, but not all sememes of synonyms are same, and synonyms and similar words should be distinguished. The third synonym definition standard is "the objects of synonyms are same" theory. The core point of this theory is the only base used to differentiate is whether the objects of synonyms are same or not. The fourth synonym definition standard is "concepts are same" theory. The important point of the theory ii that there are some small differences among the synonyms. On synonym syntactical functions there are three theories, the first is synonym syntactical functions are same, the second is synonym syntactical functions are not same, the third is compromise theory. However, the viewpoint on synonym of ancient Chinese in this article is that we should respect the application situation of ancient documentary langu...