Tingjian Book Studies

Starting with the Wenzi Chan or Word Zen, the dissertation study the shaping and development of HuangTingjian's science of calligraphy which is put under the time background of the unity of poetry,article,calligraphy and painting in Song Dynasty. What is emphasied in the dissertation is to reveal the relation between Huang's science of calligraphy and science of Zen. At the same time,the relation is under further study.On the early time, Zen argued that Passing on Without Character,but to the later, Without Character became With Character.On the end of Tang Dynasty and Wudai Dynasty,with Zen's laying,the blending of Dhyana and Classics became main stream of the time and contributed to the prosperity of Wenzichan or Word Zen. According to the people's views of Song Dynasty,there are two kinds of meanings about Character which,broadly speaking, refers to all the means of Zen's rites, and narrowly speaking, to the ways of Zen's rites including poetry ,article,calligraphy and painting etc.In Huang's thought on calligraphy, YUN, YI, SU are its three concepts which are corresponding with Three Hearts of Zen. Among of that, YUN and YI are the Subtlness in the Heart, also the Dhyana in Huang's calligraphy.YUN and YI have many connotations from different views,because they connect the thought of Buddhism and Zen in many ways.HuangTingjian put forward the view of Strokes in Character by the light of Zen's theory of Eye in Sentences.What is called Strokes in Character is used in a general sense of that "subtleness hi strokes",that is to say ,the subtleness is the Eye in Huang's calligraphy.On the other hand, Eye means Buddhism Eye. Strokes hi Character is the result of Huang's observing the world and casting them hi his calligraphy by the Eye.Huang's Eye hi his calligraphy includes three respects such as the movement ,the shape and the arranging. This dissertation reveals the internal connection between Huang's calligraphy and the whole world .especially his poetry in view of Zen's awakenness.The internal contradiction of HuangTingjian's personality embodied internal contradiction of Wenzichan Zen or Word Zen itself.The comment on HuangTingjian by SuShi shows the difference of Su's and Huang's thoery of making Zen rites by brush and ink.