Archaeological Study On The Settlements Of The Xia And Shang Dynastie In The Shuangji River Basin

The Shuangji River is a tributary of the Huaihe River.It was named after the combination of Qinshui and Weishui.There are many legends about the Yellow Emperor and other sages in the Shuangji River.It mainly flows through the hinterland of the Central Plains,including Xinmi and Xinzheng in Henan Province.The importance of these rivers has been gradually concerned by the academic community.The archaeological work in the Shuangji River Basin has been ongoing.In recent years,many achievements have been made in the direction of environmental archaeology,which has provided the possibility for us to make more research in this area.Based on the relevant research of the academic community,such as environmental archeology,animal archeology,and plant sporopollen analysis,the paper made a comprehensive analysis of settlements in the Shuangjing river basin in the Xia and Shang dynasties from the archeological perspective.The full text is divided into seven chapters.The first chapter is the introduction,summarizes the current situation of archaeological excavation and research in the Xia and Shang Dynasties,and briefly reviews and discusses the definition of the Xia and Shang dynasties in the academic circles,and defines the temporal and spatial scope of this study.A simple review of the archeological methods of settlements was made and the research method of this paper was elaborated.The specific analysis of the settlements in the Shuangji River Basin was conducted from five perspectives.The second chapter combines environmental archaeological research findings and literature records to attempt to restore the environment and climate of the Shuangji River Basin during the Xia and Shang Dynasties.At that time,the Shuangji River Basin was relatively warm and moist,and the soil was fertile,making it easy for people to live and survive.The third chapter introduces typical sites of the basin,which are divided into Xia period and Shang culture period separately.The cultural features of these sites are briefly introduced,and the types of pottery and tomb statistics tables for each site are listed.Based on a simple relic and nature analysis of the site.The fourth chapter analyzes the spatial distribution of the settlements in the Shuangshui River Basin during the Xia and Shang Dynasties.First,based on previous studies,the typical sites are staged through pottery typology.Second,the nature,characteristics,types and ages of the archaeological culture of the Xia-Shan Dynasty in this basin were discussed under the pattern of site staging.Specifically,by analyzing the typical artifacts and combinations of the Xinzhai site,the Quliang site,the Wangjinglou site,and the Huangzhai site,the remains of the Shuanghe River Basin in the Xia and Shang Dynasties were divided into multiple phases.From the Xinzhai period culture,the Erlitou culture period 1-4,the Erligang culture period 1-4,the Yin Hui period 1-4,and other cultural stages,the age and the period of these sites were discussed.The second step is to make statistics on the geographical location and scale of the settlements,analyze the relationship between their geographical location and scale,and discuss the factors that affect the choice of location of Xia and Shang residents in Shuangjing River Basin.Chapter 5 introduces the nature of the Xinzhai site and the Wangjinglou site within the Shuangji River Basin.On the one hand,it is confirmed by archaeological findings from ancient records that the Xinzhai site is the capital of Xia Qi and that the Erligang Wangjing building should be built in Xinzheng.It is the home of Zheng.On the other hand,the nature of the two sites was explored from the settlement layout and relic relations within the two sites,and it was considered that they were all high-level settlement centers and were under the powerful rule of class power at that time.The sixth chapter briefly introduces the ruins of the area around the Shuangji River in the Xia and Shang Dynasties,such as the Wangchenggang Site,the Nanwa Site,and the Yucun Site.The comparative analysis of pottery,the layout of settlements,and the agricultural economic life reflected by archeological excavation materials,etc.Comparing various aspects and analyzing similarities and differences,it was found that in the summer period,the surrounding areas were under the influence of Erlitou culture.Although the cultural aspects of the Shang period were different,they all had common cultural factors and were under the rule of the Shang Dynasty.The seventh chapter is the conclusion,summarizing the main points of the full text,because the Shuangji River Basin in the Xia and Shang Dynasties is an important part of the center of Chinese civilization,so its research has important significance.Through archaeological research on settlements,this area should be subordinated to the Erlitou culture during the Xia era,and there should be a capital site like the Xinzhai site.During the Shang Dynasty,under the control of the Shang Dynasty,Wangjinglou site belongs to the quotient.In this period,the overall social and economic development level of the Shuangji River Basin has been greatly enhanced by the settlement center.The differences in the social differentiation within each settlement have become increasingly significant.The emergence of cities with strong military defensiveness represents the class of this region.In addition to the intensification of contradictions,in addition,the increase in the difference in the level of settlements also indicates the intensification of the complexity of society as a whole,laying the precondition for the active participation of various parties in the Zhou Dynasty.The change of the archaeological culture of the Shuangshui River Basin in the Xia and Shang dynasties and the layout of the settlements embodied in various typical sites all have their own particularities and can all reflect the socio-economic conditions of this basin during the Xia and Shang dynasties.The Shuangjing River Basin is located in the core area of Central Plains.The development and changes of the regional culture it contains are all subordinate to the social complexities of the Central Plains in Xia and Shang dynasties.From the perspective of archeology,we can understand the specific conditions of settlements in the Shuangdai River Basin and have a very important significance for the study of the evolution and progress of the Xia-Shang civilization in the Central Plains.