The Crisis Of The Chinese New Poetry During The Era Of Globalization And The Problems To Which It Must Face Up

The core problem that the post-doctoral report discusses is the crisis of the Chinese new poetry during the era of globalization and the problems to which it must face up. The deeper purpose is to make a thorough inquiry into the artistic problems that universally exist in the topics, forms, imaginations, emotions, the pursuits of intellect and the techniques of expression of the present Chinese new poetry. But the terminal aim is to find the new artistic points and roads for the Chinese literature in the new century. The problems that the report discusses not only include the problems exist in all the styles besides new poetry, but also all kinds of problems only appears in the further development of the new poetry. The report is divided into five chapters according to the structure of the new poetry and the categories of the questions.Chapter I is to reveal the realistic background of the globalization and it's influence on the Chinese literature. With the steps of the globalization, the literature crisis has become a worldwide problem. So many theorists are deeply worried whether the literature (particularly composing and reading) will disappear from our everyday life because the literature becomes more and more edging in our society? The pessimistic theorists think that the literature era would be replaced by the era of images and the function ever performed by literature would be realized by the sound-image art, or by other arts. To the view of the optimistic theorists, though literature as a traditional form of art will release, the characteristic of literature —the intrinsic qualities or poetic qualities that was ever built by the art of literature would never disappear but full of any aspects of our everyday life. That is to say that literature would never die but the form of traditional literature. However, both of the pessimists and the optimists must look up to such facts: the people's ignorance and rejection of literature all over the world and the edging of literature theorists' position in the society announce its inevitable destiny of living on a narrow winding path. In an other words, in the era ofthe globalization, when the prospective and magnificent age before has elapsed step by step from us, the literature crisis has no doubt come true and it also becomes a significant problem that all writers and theorists must pay much attention to.But the problems Chinese literature confronted with are more complicated, because Chinese literatures are not only faced with the common problems of the whole word but also the peculiar artistic problems of itself. Chinese literatures must not only face how to deal with or comply with the trend of globalization, how to go to the world, how to have conversation with west countries equally, but it must be confronted with more important problems such as how to solve the problems of establishing an appropriate position of the literature itself in the society and history, how to confirm the social position, historic mission and artistic value of literature. The most significant problem for Chinese literature is how to set up its literature spirits and conceptions of literature value, how to build the topics, forms, imaginations, emotions, the pursuits of intellect and the techniques of expression of the present Chinese literature.The problems mentioned above are also the most important to the present Chinese new poetry. To the poets who oppose the way of mythic writing, they are not only fronted with how to establish the poetic spirits and how to make the spirits strike root in the hearts of the people, but also the problems of creating the artistic forms. To the poets who persist writing for the common people, they must deal with the problems of transcending everyday experiences and make the poems become the "house " for people's soul to stay and be comforted, and they also need to introspect the problems of building the forms of Chinese new poetry. The new poems must demonstrate the common nature of humanity, reveal the lack of spirit and hold the banner of spirit in the present society, so make the Chinese new poetry become the "house" of people's soul. For the poets who consist on mythic writing and afler-utopian writing, the more significant problem is how to transform the personal experiences into the living experiences of the humanity.If the artistic spirits are the basic premises for making Chinese new poetry received by the society, the forms of Chinese new poetry certainly are the way of demonstrating these poetic spirits. In another words, the problems of the artistic forms of how to demonstrate the Chinese new poetry's artistic spirits are the most important problems.Chapter II discusses the Rootless Era the Chinese new poetry faces and the social mission and psychic mission it must undertake: the progress in science technology and the development of economy promote the great change in social structure and its performance style, while also change people's conceptions of value and knowledge belief. When the traditional positive values and ethic spirits are deconstructed and destructed, people feel it hard to choose the life values and then lose the dependence of life. So their lives trap in an infinite rootless state, which is characteristic of social transformation. The rootless state doesn't mean losing dependence in spirits, but means the lack of new values after the doubt and deconstruction of old ones. People puzzle over the various value orientations or value elements. In the beginning of the 20c, the Chinese traditional value system was thoroughly destructed when the Western ideas rushed in, which caused the whole generation selecting and wandering poorly between Western ideas and Chinese traditional ideas. This represented Rootless at that time. In the beginning of the 21c nowadays, the meaning of Rootless changes: after the deconstruction of centralized value center of traditional political ideology, a severe psychic problem appears in people's self-value realization and self-assuredness due to the confusion in values and behavior guidelines.There are values constructed in modern times, and also commodity production and commodity consumption. The crisis of the Chinese new poetry is inevitable in a commodity society and consumption era. When psychic production counts as one of the commodity production, the ignorance of consumption population inevitably leads to the dead of itself. Of course, the Chinese new poetry, as one of the psychic commodities, has an essential distinction with general material commodities. The latter satisfies people'sneed in material life, maintains or improves the existence and quality of bodylife, which is a physical demand of human society. But the former is apsychic transcendence over the limitedness of body existence under theprerequisite of satisfying the material life fundamentally, which is ametaphysical demand. In maintaining the body existence, there is differencebetween human and animals. Human can develop the science and technologyconsciously by knowledge and wisdom, thus create a richer material wealthto satisfy the need of material survival; while animals only grasp the outermaterial instinctively to survive. However, there is no big difference in theirgoals. The biggest difference between human and animals lies in psychic lifeand social life. The process of creating material wealth by human itself is arealization of psychic pursuit. And they can create psychic productsconsciously to meet the psychic demand. Animals lack this psychic behaviorof "meeting the need". Besides, the life existence of human represents in thesocial realization of self-spirit, that is, the behavior of creating materialwealth and psychic wealth by individual receives the affirmation by socialvalues system. A right of entering human social history is thus gained. On thedying of body life, the life value and meaning of individual stay in historyand future society and influence or even become the psychic dependence oflater ones. Although body life is the foundation and prerequisite of psychiclife and social life, the psychic life and social life are the fundamental way oftranscending the limited existence and continuing the life of human race. Inconclusion, the nearer to body life, the individual life gets nearer to theanimal nature. The further to social life, the individual life gets further to theanimal nature. In another words, there is hierarchic levelness in the chain oflife value structure.Besides, there are hierarchic levelness and value sequence in the psychic value structure of human. It is this value sequence that determines the species of psychic culture and its psychic content and value structure. Different from other psychic culture products, poetry is an advanced psychic culture state that focuses at sense, experience and taste. This art is special in that itcultivates people's soul, balances the inner mind and promotes the psychic level. Especially in China today, which is an era that stepping into material modernization. People have keen desire to seek the habitat of spirit in the cold money-oriented relationship and severe commodity market. As an advanced psychic culture state, poem can meet the higher demand of people. The read and digest of poem should become a habitat for spirit and a destination for soul. It is reasonable that the people's lives are poetized in an aesthetic way. A poetic living environment is reached for people.Hence, although the centralized value center of political ideology isdeconstructed, the social meaning of the Chinese new poetry itself should notbe ignored. First, as a special species of literature, new poetry belongs to thehumanities and social science, just like arts as music, painting, sculpture orsocial science as philosophy, history and law. In fact, the humanities andsocial science is the social values system structure, the humanities and socialscience of certain society represents the values of this certain society.Whether it is natural science or humanities and social science, the objects arefour fundamental relationships: human and nature, human and society, humanand human, human and ego. During these, human is the core and main body.Thus, all the sciences should first cast an eye on the existence of human andfocus at favoring the harmony between human and nature, society, others andego and promoting the all-round development of human race. Intrinsically,literature should reflect the general human nature problems such as idea andemotion besides the artistic value, and participate in the modern constructionof social values system in an artistic way. For example, the problem ofmodern ethics reconstruction is one of the most urgent one. The constructionof modern ethics is a core problem in the ethics society. Continuous researchresults in social ethics, value ethics, legal ethics, economic ethics and lifeethics attempt to establish the ethics value system that able to operate afterthe society transformation. No doubt, how can the literature participate in theconstruction of ethics value system during social transformation shouldbecome an essential issue for poets and poem scholars. However, the poemsnowadays heads on an "individualized writing" way in that they ignore the social problems, only express the individual joyfulness and sorrow and focus on the self-experience and emotion. Essentially, all the great works of great poets are "individualized" writing that focus at special living experience and values of themselves. Compared the poems written by Du Fu and Li Bai, there is huge distinction not only in the ideas and contents but also in styles that formed by expressing strategy and structure arrangement that combined with subjective thinking. So encouraging the reconstruction of values system during social transformation doesn't means rejecting the "individualized writing". The poems should not only express the private living experience and emotion fluctuation, but also emphasize the living experience and sense of life that is commensurably and inherently accordance with general human nature. Poems go adrift from ethics and human dimension is an important reason that the poems keep far away from readers. For new poem, the fundamental prerequisite of gaining widely affirmation from society is to focus and express the general human nature. Only in this way can the new poem attracts more readers and keeps its vitality.Lots of problems will rise up if we discuss the value, meaning and historic position of the new poem while ignoring this fundamental prerequisite. The divergence in some problems on new poems writing in the new poem society originates from the disaccord on this prerequisite. Some scholars make positive comments on the value and meaning of recent new poem from a new poem nature view. This is reasonable in some sense, but what is poem nature exactly means? What elements are the standards in evaluating the power of poem? If these questions can't be answered, absolutely they are not affirmative in the value and meaning of new poem itself. Furthermore, on ignoring this prerequisite, the several arguments on new poem nowadays fail to grasp the essence, only discuss the poem style superficially but lack the essential poetic meaning.Chapter III and Chapter IV discuss the artistic form of Chinese new poem: in the hundred years construction of new poem form, there are someparadoxes such as the fracture between tradition and modern, collisionbetween content and form, contrary between free and metrical verse,separation of existence rationality and aesthetic transcendence. Also somepoetic activities and practices held by poetic theorists and poets once touchedthese paradoxes and attempted to solve them, but there is no ultimate solutionyet due to the emphasis on "form history of new poem" and other reasons. Ithas been proven by practice that the pure research on "form history of newpoem" is necessary, but it can't solve the paradoxes. In my opinion, adifferent thinking method should be adopted. Solve the "new poem form" onthe poetic history view only is not enough. The right way is to proposecritical problems on the base of "form history of new poem" while not giveup the thinking way and research perspective of "form history of new poem",which is the thinking way called "form problem history of new poem" I insist.Thus, the proposition of "form construction of Chinese new poem" includesnot only "form history of new poem" but more importantly, develops in"form problem history of new poem". In other words, there are two parts inthe proposition of "form construction of Chinese new poem": poeticbackground and poetic resource and the form of new poem itself. The form ofnew poem itself also includes two parts: one is "inner form", which is the"tension structure" formed by the interactive relationships among objectiveworld, poem text and subject ideas of poets; the other one is "outer form",means language, style and rhetoric problems. These problems comprise thetheory system of form construction of Chinese new poem in the globalizationera. How to solve them is critical for the survival of new poem.Chapter V generalizes the problems discussed above.