The War Claims Of Jewish Communities And Israel Against Germany

The war claims of Jewish communities and Israel against Germany are not only an important component of postwar disposal of Germany, but also have their own particularities. Because the establishment of Israel was as late as 1948, the world Jewish organizations and Israel do not possess the legal foundation for them to require German reparations in the international law. But the Holocaust entitles the Jewish world to the moral right of obtaining reparations. This dissertation reviews the research and practice of the world Jewish organizations and Jewish activists on Germany reparations during the Second World War and the early days after the war;makes an analysis on the influence on the war claims of Jewish world against Germany of the turning orientation of Israeli foreign policy;discusses the relationship between the American Middle East policy and the American policy to war claims of the Jewish world;elaborates the formation background and establishment of negotiation strategies of the Claims Conference;examines the concrete process of Wassenaar negotiation and discusses the influence of the Luxemburg Treaty on the Federal Republic of Germany, Israel and the world Jewish organizations. By exploring and sorting out the past neglected new historical documents, this dissertation reveals the panorama of the war claim policy of Jewish world against Germany and thereby reveals the relationship between the war claims of Jewish world against Germany and politics of great powers.This dissertation is composed of introduction, six chapters and conclusion.The introduction introduces the current research on the war claims of Jewish world against Germany in the academic circles at home and abroad and explains the research methodology applied in this dissertation and introduces the academic value of this dissertation.The first chapter discusses the historic review of indemnity and the reaction of the allied countries to the claim for reparations of the Jewish world in the early postwar period and mainly talks about five problems. First problem is that through the historical review of indemnity in the European contemporary and modern history, the paper points out that the indemnity is a kind of historical normality and then analyzes and concludes the trend of historic change of indemnity. The second problem is to analyze the cruel persecution to the Jewish people of Germany and to make a review on the personnel and materials lost the Jewish people had experienced in the Second World War. The third problem is to make a review on the Jewish refugee problem after the Second World War and analyzes different policies applied by the USA, U.S.S.R., Great Britain and France. The fourth is to explore the preparatory work for postwar war claim of the Jewish world during the war. The fifth is to review the policy the allied nations applied to the war claims of the Jewish world in the early postwar period and the reparations practice of the four occupying countries of Germany in their respective occupied areas.The second chapter is about the Israeli reparations claim and the reaction of the fourcountries. Through the research on the Israeli foreign policy changes in the early days after the foundation of the country, this chapter discusses the deep-rooted reasons of different reactions of four Germany occupiers of the USA, U.S.S.R, Great Britain and France on the Israeli diplomatic note on March 12, 1951.The third chapter is about the Jewish world and the Federal Republic of Germany before the Wassenaar negotiation. Three problems are mainly discussed in terms of the reason and process of Israel from its pursuit for indirect reparations to the direct reparations negotiation with the Federal JRepublic of Germany;the domestic and international factors of the action that facing the war claims of the Jewish world the Federal Republic of Germany broke the silence and issued the government declaration on September 27, 1951;the establishment of the Claims Conference and the establishment of negotiating strategies and the compromises with Israel.The fourth chapter is about Wassenaar negotiation and mainly discusses the negotiation process and the negotiation positions of the two parties;analyzes different opinions on the negotiation inside the Federal Republic of Germany and discusses the main content of the Luxemburg Treaty.The fifth Chapter is about NSC47 series of documents and the reparations of the Federal Republic of Germany to Israel. Through the research on the NSC47 series of documents of the American National Security Council, this chapter mainly analyzes the strategic interests of America in Middle East and the American policy to Israel and the Arabian counties, thereafter explores American attitude and policy toward the war claims of the Jewish world.The sixth chapter is about the exertion and influence of the Luxemburg Treaty. Four problems are mainly discussed: the- course of the discussion the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel to approve the Luxemburg Treaty, especially different attitudes of different political parties and social classes inside the Federal Republic of Germany;the influence of the exertion of the Luxemburg Treaty on the economy and politics of the Federal Republic of Germany;the influence of the exertion of the Luxemburg Treaty on the Israeli economy, including not only the economic influence of reparations the Federal Republic of Germany paying to Israel but also the economic influence of compensation the Federal Republic of Germany paying to the Jewish individuals;and the usage of reparations fund of the Claims Conference.The conclusion summaries the reason for the signing of the Luxemburg Treaty between the Jewish world and the Federal Republic of Germany and the long term influence and historical significance of the Luxemburg Treaty.