Ecological, Social, Community,

This thesis is a topic its study combines environment history and society history in a district in the ascendant, which pays close attention to ecology and society. On the basis of grasping hard seniors' studies, try to propel forward the study on society history of the common bordering area of the Fujian ,Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces and on society of China ever since the Ming and Qing dynasties.First, the thesis absorbs the idea of the occidental environment history paying close attention to nature. It draws into more and more the common recognition that human and nature is the same body, ecology and society is a community in the protecting movement of world environment; and it incorporates the separated ecology and society by people in the past, it not only regards nature as a stage the human history develops but also looks nature as an active actor. Based on the above, the thesis consists of five sections. Chapter 1, it summarizes the history and feature of the common bordering area of the Fujian ,Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces from the long history and wide history angle in the early history. The author thinks that the district was the community of common bordering area of the Fujian ,Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces which included not only many factors of ecology and society but also the district was widely connected with the outer world. The area was the common bordering area of three provinces in the most southeast of china, in which the development of economy and culture dropped behind other areas around it. It was far away from the political center and the mainstream culture of dynasty, and it developed very fast ever since the Ming and Qing dynasties , and during this period the mainstream culture of dynasty hastily inset the local society ecology system, then it formed the landscape of the society and culture of hakkas.In Chapter II,III and IV, the author chooses the academic circle pays close attention to four society problems that hakkas, commodity economy, land tenancy relation and clan system, and the author exerts himself to inspect from the point of view of the relation between zoology and society. These chapters demonstrate that hakkas what is called was a weak ethnicity of the Han nationality reshaped itself, which was their strategy for living. The development of commodity economy in the common bordering area of the Fujian ,Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces had the dense characteristic of mountainous region in the southeast, and the characteristic was the consequence both the inner structure of ecology resource and outer market stimulation. The land tenancy relation was a system which consisted of the landlord, land and tenant peasant, it included the content of relation between human and nature, and it at least embodied the relation among people in which land was the medium, and it cannot briefly equaled the relation that the landlord exploited the peasant. The clan institution in the common bordering area formed and developed from the interlacing relations among nature, state and society.In chapter v the author studies from the ecology that academic circle pays close attention to. The study manifests that the development in the common bordering area of the Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces ever since the Ming and Qing dynasties had acquired important achievement in the leveling of landforms, the improving of local climate, the quality of water and soil and the adjustment in the inner structure of animals and plants. Although the development in the district had a negative influence on environment, the local people had taken the protecting measures to environment and taken effective replying measures to nature disasters, which showed the development in the region had certain activity.In a word, human and nature is unitive, ecology and society are in one community, the "co-operation" of nature environment and human created the special history in the region, the social transition in the common bordering area of the Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces was the whole succession of a social ecology system with activity.