Third, Fourth Century Qing Xu Yan Regional Councils Study

In the third to fourth century, the Qingxuyan Region(QR, 青徐兖地域) included three states: Qing state, Xu state and Yan state which belonged to ancient Kyushu (九 洲) . QR was comparatively integrated and absolute terrain, approximately situated in from Yellow River to Huaihe River, Suishui River. The three states exited in oneness in natural environment and humanity environment. The astronomers and geographers regarded QR as comparatively integrated geographical unit. QR had greatly influenced the historical development during the period of Wei-Jin and Sixteen Kingdoms, so it is very necessary to study systematically QR as the whole. My paper studys the political situation's evolution from various aspects on the power contending in QR among many political forces, the reign of center dynasties to QR, Regional military and political chiefs and men from QR influencing central politics.In the first section I observed the evolution of the districts, oneness and importance of QR. According to official history works and the fruits of the ancients and the academe today, I observed the evolution of the districts from the Xia-Shang Dynasty to the Sixteen Kingdoms. During Emperor Han Wu(汉武帝) to the Wei-Jin and Sixteen Kingdoms, the geographical extension of QR changed a little transferring from Huanghe valley to Huaihe valley. In the third to fourth century, the importance of QR manifested various aspects: The fertile kilometer fields of QR was developed economic region in the ancient; its east faced the ocean , its west occupied Huanghe, its interior had Taishan Mountain and Daxian Mountain; it lied in communications center of the traffic from south to north.The second section studys the political situation of QR and the relation of QR and the dominant enterprise of Cao Cao in the Han-Wei Dynasty. After the Huangjin forces rose up, Eastern Han dynasty lost control of the region gradually. The Regional military and political chiefs of QR were commissioned by Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shao, Cao Cao and so on, taking on the phenomena which two people or many people assumed the office of QR. Many forces such as Cao Cao contended the power. East county, Chenliu county, Pingyuan county and Guangling county became the place resorting to arms frequently. Cao Cao established dominant enterprise, which was the important reason from the help of men from QR. At the same time,"Qingxu Huangjin"forces were like a rising wind and scudding clouds, which was closely...