Comparative Studies On The Way Of Acquisition In Mathematical Advanced Cognitive Schema

Worked example and problems solving are two key ways of schema acquisition. Which is better? The traditional answer is to prefer problem solving. But Sweller and his companions argue that problem solving was an ineffective learning way at the beginning of cognitive skill development and that worked examples was better than traditional problem solving. Further studies found that the subjects employed in comparative studies involving problem solving and worked examples before 1998 were learners without experience. Kalyuga considered learner's experience as an independent variant which effects the acquisition of schema. Kalyuga et al. studied the problem solving or worked examples of inexperienced mechanical trade apprentices and the results indicated that inexperienced mechanical trade apprentices benefited more from examples condition, worked examples became redundancy and were inferior to problem solving with the increase of experience, which suggested that effects of worked examples or problem solving depended on the level of learners' experience.Schema is one of the core psychological concepts. Though psychologists haven't reached an agreement on the definition of schema, they thought that schema is a knowledge structure or psychological structure, which represented the objective...