Exchange Of Words And Literary Criticism

20th century is the century of criticism. However, comparing with the practice of literary criticism which noisy and exciting, the construction of theory of literary criticism appears a bit lonely and tranquil. Building the literary criticism means to construct the theory as an independent discipline. Overseas systematic research on the theory of literary criticism is only 100 years or so. In China, it is still a new discipline which just breaks the ice and far from mature.As for the formed research on the theory of literary criticism, there are some disjunctions and dislocations between the theory indicating and the practice of criticism, which are manifested as follow: when discussing and thinking questions about the nature, function and the subject of literary criticism, we do not pay enough attention to new concepts and awareness of criticism, especially those emerged in the second half of the 20th century. As a result: many key words of the literary criticism in 20th century such as the communicative rationality, the dialogue theory, intersubjectivity, intentionality nearly not be conformed into the system of the theory of criticism theory. This situation provides a goal to the research of this thesis. The direction of writing this thesis, which also manifests its theoretical significance and value, is discussing the construction and innovation of the theory of literary criticism in the context of contemporary theory, trying to use the new developments of research to ponder the nature, character, operation and the function of the subject of literary criticism.The basic mentality of this thesis is standing at the forefront of the theory of literary criticism, reviewing and summarizing the actual accomplishments of the theory of literary criticism, displaying the potency on accommodating and conforming the theory of literary criticism, enables the concept establishing, the content of proposition, logic of the theory, results of the thinking of the literary criticism all to reflect the new connotation and tendency of the theory of literary criticism. This thesis bases it's methodology on dialectic logic thinking, integrates induction synthesis, deduction analysis and category method and attempts to draw the whole outline of literary criticism theory construction more comprehensively.This thesis divided into six chapters, the primary coverage of each chapter is as follows:Chapter I: Communication and criticism. This chapter begins with discussing the interpersonal communication, to investigate relations among the general communion, the artistically communion of human, the literature communion and points out that the connotation of the literary communion lies on the mutually influence of the author, the text and the reader. Then the chapter begins to analysis and elaborate the mechanism, medium and effect of literary communion. While further highlight the importance of character and function of literature communion, this chapter integrates the literary criticism into the overall progress of literature communion, to establish the position, the role and the subject of the literary criticism, manifests the feature of theory of literary criticism under the perspective of communicative theory.Chapter II: Discourse and criticism. This chapter first combs the concept of discourse, from different angles such as the discourse and the communion, the discourse and the statement, the discourse and the authority to further discuss the character and the essence of discourse, then grasps it's connotation. Secondly, the chapter carries out a special investigation to the literary discourse. It starts with the research on relations between reference and the context, relations of expression constructing of literary discourse and literary metaphor, to reveal the difference of literary discourse and the common discourse. Then the chapter places the critical discourse with emphasis, begins to elaborate the productiveness of discourse and multiplication of the critical theory, discourse the dialogism and multi-opening of the critical theory, to highlight the true significance and function in the discourse-oriented whole literature activity of literary criticism.Chapter III: Text meaning: focus of literary criticism. On the foundation of introducing the communicative scheme of French scholar Jacobson and improving it into a peculiar communion behavior scheme as a reference frame used for literary criticism specially. This chapter inspects the explanation of literary criticism to the significance of text from three aspects: main body of the communion (i.e. author and reader), the background of the communion (i.e. Context and connection), and carrier of the communion (i.e. text and code). To explain the significance of text is not return to the author's original intention, also is not let the reader explanted it at will. It is a comprehensive creation which bases on each part of the frame. Now, surmounting the pure value judgment and turn to explaining and finding the significance become the primary coverage of theory of literary criticism and was highlighted as a new character of it in the 20th century. This chapter corrects the traditional criticism idea which lightly to detoxify and heavy to appraisal, turns the criticism to an action which take explanation as the foundation and pays equal attention to the explanation and the appraisal anew.Chapter IV: The character of inter- : the nature and position of literary criticism. This chapter takes the theory of inter-subjectivity and inter-textuality as an inspiration. Then takes "the character of inter-" as the key words to descript and define the character of literary criticism, to highlight its character as an intermediary and bridge. The literary criticism not only is the intermediary of literary theory and the literary practice, but also manifests the supplementary of scientificity and literariness. It also could instruct the critical behavior through adjusting the subjective and the objectivity, let the literary criticism keep a dynamic balance between the politics and academic. It can be said that, the theory of "the character of inter-" makes the theoretical discussion on the nature and localization of the literary criticism more comprehensive and reasonable.Chapter V: Illumination and evaluation: The process, procedure and the function of the literary criticism. This chapter first discusses the subjective and objective condition to form the literary criticism, then analysis the thought procedure of literary criticism along four stages: "the preparation, the observation, submerges, comprehends". Threads up the two centers of the criticism: the explanation of significance and the value judging, combs out a implementing step of literary criticism which includes "establish standard -- concrete analysis - - wholly revelation". Then the chapter summarizes the social function of the literary criticism, ponders and investigates the influence that the literary criticism on the writer, the work, the reader and society separately.Chapter VI: Discourse subject: the literary critic. This chapter thinks deeply of the psychological quality, psychological character, criterion of behavior, type division of main body of criticism, summarizes the critic's psychological quality into three aspects: "the associative perception, the equilibrium sense and the ability of reducing". It investigates the critic's psychological character from "the esthetic experience, the esthetic intention, the significance performance", unions the objection, autonomy and publicity, victory prejudice, the constructive nature as the criterion of critic's behavior. Takes the role status, the criticism manner, the criticism way as the basis to classified and differentiates critic's varies types. This chapter emphasizes on discussing main body of criticism from the psychology and sociological angle, tries to surmount the limitations of former theory custom which only request and appraisal to criticize the main body on moral and faith consider.The innovations in this thesis are as follows: First, apply the communication theory with contemporary theoretical significance and value to understanding and pondering the literary criticism, to demonstrate the significance connotation of the literary criticism in the communicational region. Manifests the true value of the literary criticism in the literature activity system. Second, introduces the discourse research into the theory of literary criticism constructing, to highlight the in-depth connotation and nature of the literary criticism. The linguistics changed which influenced the entire humanities social sciences during the 20th century had already turn from the pragmatics research to semantics, or to said that the changes of linguistics has developed on the stage changing to the discourse. Discourse theory leads the research on language from the abstract and regular of structuralism to the contact of main bodies. Because what the discourse behavior manifests is communion and the interaction in the conversation and narrate of main body. Therefore the discourse theory and the communion theory reach the same conclusion from different approaches. They meet on a basic theory point: the dialogue communions and interacts. It should be a breakthrough point on the research of literary criticism in 20th century which also possesses the present age learning value. Third, taking the explanation of significance of the text as a basic question of literary criticism manifests the latest development of criticism theory. It urges people to locate the criticize active and critic anew, the transformation of criticism locating and function let the literary criticism turn from the semantics explain, the connoisseurship judgment to a kind of practice more comprehensive and creative. Fourth, this paper investigates the main body of literary criticism especially on the psychology and the sociological view. It unions new achievement of correlative research, performs a thorough discussion on the literature critic's psychological quality, psychological character and behavior criterion. Uses such terminology of psychology and sociological as intent, multi-dimensional experience, role status, tries hard to do a synthetic study on the scientific theory about the individual psychological activity and the society associates the activity of the main body of criticism. Lets the theory content related to main body of the criticism more effectively and efficiently.