Population Of The Liao Dynasty

This dissertation takes the population of Liao dynasty as its object of study. In order to give the reader an all-sided and systemic cognition, based on summarizing and absorbing the research findings of our predecessors, using the basic style of demography, this dissertation makes an introduction and analysis on the following aspects : the basic condition of Liao Dynasty, the residence system of Liao Dynasty, the number of population in Liao Dynasty, the distribution of the residents in Liao Dynasty, the population structure of Liao Dynasty, population quality of Liao Dynasty, etc..Chapter1. Exordium .It mainly analyses the significance and method of studying the population of Liao Dynasty and introduces the basic historical materials used in studying the population of Liao Dynasty and the current main study findings.Chapter2. The basic condition of Liao Dynasty .It briefly introduces the territory of Liao Dynasty and its natural environment, it also analyses and introduces the process of the power's up and down and the population change, in the meantime, it briefly introduces the system of Liao Dynasty and its cultural achievement.Chapter3. The residence system of Liao Dynasty .Through enumerating and analyzing a great number of historical materials, it illustrates that the resident investigation and residence type and residence class system exist both in the rural section and in the pasturing area. It also introduces the development process and the basic contents of the resident investigation, residence type and residence class system in Liao Dynasty. The several main residence types and its administrative mode are also dissertated in this chapter, this establishes the foundation for following analyzing and textual researching of the population scale, in the meantime, it also makes an abecedarian search to the urban household of Liao Dynasty.Chapter4. The number of the population of Liao Dynasty .This chapter is the pivot and difficulty of the whole article. There exists scarcity and omission in the recordation of residence data in History of Liao Dynasty, aiming at this extrusive problem, according to the experience summed up by our predecessors, it makes certain the "Adjacent Domain Reference Entry" as the common method of the residence data reversion of Liao Dynasty. It makes textual research on the scale of family and population of Liao Dynasty, that is, the number of people in an average family is 8:1. Based on this, it makes textual research on the omitted number of family in all states and counties, adding on the numbers of family of the royal court and escort, the numbers of family of tribe, the numbers of monks and nuns, it finally makes out the total number of population of Liao Dynasty, it is about 10,569,288 persons(excluding the numbers of slaves and the population of the affiliated countries).Chapter5. The distribution of the residents in Liao Dynasty .This chapter illustrates the basic condition of several main nationalities: the Han nationality, the Qidan nationality, the Bohai nationality, the Xi nationality and the Nuzhen nationality. It makes a brief illustration on the distribution of the above stated nationalities using charts and lists; Through analyzing the basic traits and changing causation of the distribution of the population, it makes a brief illustration on basic condition of the immigration of every nationality; Through classifying considerable of stone inscriptions materials and the names of persons in the related historical materials, it gets an abecedarian cognition on the distribution of the surname of Liao Dynasty.Chapter6. The distribution of residents in Liao Dynasty .Through analyzing the numbers of children stated in the stone inscription materials, it makes a textual research separately on the sex ratio structure of the Qidan nationality and the Han nationality, they are in separate 143: 100 and 119: 100, since the historical materials are less, this data is not so accurate, it is only an abecedarian cognition. It also briefly introduces the family structure of the population in Liao Dynasty, including the basic type of the consanguineous family, the basic condition of non-consanguineous family, the basic traits of family relations, etc. It, according to the traditional partition method, illustrates the basic composing condition of the ruling class and the ruled class in Liao Dynasty and the transformation condition among the classes and estates. Based on the professional mode and the number of residents, it classifies the professional structure of Liao Dynasty into different parts: farmers, herdsmen, artisans, merchants, monks and nuns and officials, etc. and introduces them respectively, it also makes a brief quantization analysis to the proportion of the population scale of each professional occupies in the total population.Chapter7. The population quality of Liao Dynasty .Through analyzing the literature materials, ethnology materials, stone inscription and grave fresco materials, it briefly introduces the body constitution of the residents in Liao Dynasty, it approximately calculates out their average expected life is 47.7 years old, in which that of the male is 50 while that of the female is 45.5 . Through analyzing the ruler's action of attaching importance to education and the related articles handed down from ancient times of Liao Dynasty(or only remains the name of the production), it makes a briefly introduction to the cultural diathesis. Through analyzing the related historical materials and stone inscription materials, it considers that on the basis of the Confucian idea and the plain ethos of the residents in that time, the Confucian ethic such as "loyalty, fealty, chastity, justice" etc. becomes the main contents of the moral diathesis of the residents in Liao Dynasty.