A Study Of Character Materials-drawing In Records Of The Historian

Abstract: The study of character materials-drawing in Records of Historian is not so active. In view of the study history, It began early from BanGu, who gave the study base, the study continued till today. In view of the study position, it did not occupy an important one, it was attached to other research. But the study is positive, the study situation changed from the eighties in last century. Scholars in mainland, Taiwan and overseas issued a series of articles in this field, the study seemed active from then on.It is a great topic that " Records of Historian " materials-drawing, there can be different breakthrough points. Inspired by both past and contemporary scholars, I chose this study as my dissertation, fixing on the characters in the Warring States and time between Qin and Han, studying the ways of materials-drawing of these characters. This kind of study is not popular at present. The dissertation includes five parts.To confirm "synthesize the Six classics and to regularize all discourses" concretly, and to regard it as harmony with aim of" Records of Historian", and regard it as the way of materials-drawing and the way of writting history book, and to analyze the relation between SimaQian's deep view on history and personage in his book, are a striving direction of my article.The foreword is divided into two parts, explain the research meaning of the selected title and thinking at first. Secondly retrospect "Records of Historian" of materials-drawing in study history. We can find out, the traditional study is mainly the discussion of characters material of "Records of Historian" while reviewing, have obtained very big achievement in this respect. But defective: First, machinery. It is toonly lay particular emphasis on asking for materials source, but they ignored Si Maqian's process of cognition to history and hero of biography in "Records of Historian". Second, one-sidedness. "Records of Historian " materials-drawing from two major routes: characters materials and non-legible materials, comparatively speaking, the traditional one emphasis on the former. This indicated that people have know deficiency at materials- drawing of "Records of Historian " The first part is discussed SimaQian'discourse on the materials-drawing. SimaQian'discourse is everywhere in "Records of Historians", accordingly, scholars should pay much attention to it, as they paid much attention to its contents and styles. Sima0ian said he had two ways in the materials-drawing: one is to synthesize the "Six classics" and to regularize all discourses, the other is to investigate. He also told us both the resource and the course of the materials-drawing. According to his discourse, we know that this course was an active one, in harmony with his attitude to the heaven, people and history changes, the course was not only a matter of resource itself.The second part is to grasp the traits of the character materials-drawing totally in the Warring States, studying the ways of synthesizing and investigation. In overall, SimaOian did much in synthesizing the six classics, did little in regularizing all discourses, the Warring States materials in " Records of Historian" mainly come from "Qin record" and "Warring States scheme", and concurrently materials-drawing from other philosophical works and history records. The way of investigation is also important in materials-drawing, especially in the field of tales and clan materials. On main principle, to the figures in Qin kingdom, SimaQian fixed on the influence on the rise and fall of the state, to the figures in the Six Kingdoms, he fixed on the influence on the warring accidents: alliance and betray, Changpin battle, Handan battle, Yueyi destroying Qi kingdom, for example.In the third and forth parts, we study the materials-drawing of particular figures. Relatively, the forth part places emphasis on the characters from the script resources, including three types:â‘ figures who emphasised their anecdotes,â‘¡figures who expressed their minds in letters,â‘¢figures who were good at the trickery. In this part, we do not analyse the non-script materials, but this does not mean that the history of these figures is not influenced by these materials, it is because these materials are not determined. The fifth part places emphsis on the figures from non-script materials, who exerted great influence on the characters from the script materials, particularly, the Four Princes in the Warring States. The non-script materials influences the script materials in two ways: one is to supplement the script materials, the other is to correct the script materials, which are often neglected by scholars. In a word, the Warring States figures materials-drawing were influenced by both the non-script materials and the script materials.The last part does a study of the materials-drawing of the figures in the period between Qin dynasty and Han dynasty. The materials which SimaQian depended on was "The history between Chu and Han", which was lost in the South Song dynasty. So, we are restricted in vision and shallow in understanding. In principle, based on the limited materials, we know something about the attitude to LiuBang and XiangYu in "Records of the Historian". The attitude is changeable: LiuBang was moving in ChuHan War but was disgusted at the beginning of Han dynasty, while XiangYu was exciting in the war against Qin dynasty, but stupid at the HongMen Banquet. These attitudes are not in harmony because of the traits of the materials on which SimaQian based. Roughly, the materials praising Liu, while depreciating Xiang came from "The history between Chu and Han", vise verse, from other resources. The two characters in "Records of Historian" are compounds of two different materials, so virture and vice often go extreme. Speaking of the non-materials, the non-materials were much more at this time, they were mainly of tales and clan materials, typically, materials about HanXin and FanKuai.From draw materials of personage in the Warring States and Qin Han period in "Records of Historian", we can find out, the materials- drawing of "Records of Historian" have direct relation with SimaQian's deep view on history. Mainly there are two points: First, the personages in "Records of Historian" are more rich and more colorful according to relevant personages in the materials than them, second, personage of "Records of Historian" according to personage of material more individual and more distinct than their. A lot of historical personages have determined the nature in "Records of Historian", SimaQian's understanding of historical personage also is the understanding of historical personage in later age.In a word, it is a very complicated process of cognition to materials- drawing. SimaQian has produced the understanding of history and personage on the basis of fully occupying the materials, draw materials on the basis of this understanding. Though SimaQian has said that he beleaved "Six classes", however, in fact, while he concretly drew materials for his personages, this is only his reference, not as other scholars in the same time. In certain meaning, "In harmony with his attitude to the heaven, people and history changes" is the ultimate standard in SimaQian materials drawing. In fact, SimaQian treated all characters materials and non-legible materials including the Confucianists' classics in an open mind, and this responded to his time. SimaQian can fully demonstrated a vivid the scene in The Warring State and QinHan, even today, we can still experience the atmosphere more than 2,000 years later, because of this kind of daring in materials- drawing.What poeple critic SimaQian's book "right and wrong go against the sage"is just prove that" Records of Historian" really is a history book, because the time of Warring State and QinHan themselves are the time: "right and wrong go against the sage".