On The City Geography Of Shanxi In Modern Times

The city is a compact place which a certain scale non-agricultural population lived in, there people produce, lives and carry out public activities, and it is the centre that country political economy, and culture educate. The Chinese city in tradition developed slowly, the city gives first function place to politics control, after"Five City" is outside to the world, the door of nation is opened. the society of china happened unknown change under the foreign capital advanced economy and culture effect。The city is the concentration of society. the rapid Chinese society change in modern times, mak Chinese city display unknown change regardless of the function and shape.In modern times, the traffic of Shanxi is backward, especially Taihang Mountains lying across from north to south, cut off the traffic between east and west, make the commerce contact between Shanxi and the east place in Taihang Mountains restrict tremendously. In modern times, restricted by the backward of traffic, the change speed of Shanxi city and town is far fall behind the coastal region in China southeast. The region in China southeast happened a comparatively obvious change right away after the first Opium War, but Shanxi city and town happened a comparatively obvious change until 19 centuries eighties, initiated by the of the industry. Having typicalness in backward traffic and the environment sealing off, this study to essential features of development and distribution of Shanxi city and town by the city geography relevance theory have very important drawing lessons to development and distribution of Shanxi city and town acts in the entirely modern times.The article introduced simply the geographical feature and the development of agriculture of Shanxi city and town develops in modern times, begining from the foundation of geography and agriculture first. Then, the the article discussed the function adjustment, grade structure, distribution, circulation of commodities, form and inner structure of the city and town in proper order. To know the development change of city and town in modern times in a meticulous and deepgoing way, the article discussed the development and change condition of Shanxi city and town by the example that it take Tai Gu County during Republican period.In modern times, the Shanxi city and town function have very big changes. In various function of city and town, the economy function is a very important one. The change of economy function embody mainly the development of industry, commerce and finance of Shanxi city and town in modern times. In Shanxi city and town in modern times Taiyuan is the city in which industry developed the promptest. Taking the rich coal iron resource as basis, Taiyuan becomed the modern industry city promptly from a handicraft industry, supported by the Shanxi provincial government energetically. The dsitrition of Shanxi modern industry is not balance, although medern industry developed quickly. The industry of Shanxi major centered on Taiyuan, modern industry in other city and town relatively weak, the so-called industry refer mostly to the tradition handicraft industry. The commerce system of shanxi city and town also happened very big change in the modern times. With improvement of traffic conditiona, the Taiyuan commerce emerged rapidly, becomed the maximal Shanxi business centre city. The cities along the railraod were rising abruptly at the same time such as Yu Ci, Da Tong, but responding to this some city along tradition trade routes were unceasingly feeble. The bazaar in Shanxi country happened a certain change. In modern times, development of the Shanxi finance city and town is comparatively conspicuous. With the development of Shanxi firm for exchange money, the city such as Qi county, Ping Yao county, Tai Gu county in Jin Zhong area becomes finance central city in Shanxi even the countrywide. After arriving Republic period, firm for exchanging money languor, modern finance institution such as bank begined to be on the rise gradually, thereupon Taiyuan take Jin Zhong City finance city such as Qi county, Ping Yao county, Tai Gu county as the Shanxi finance central city.In modern times, the administration and education function of Shanxi city and town also happened great change. In Qing dynasty, Shanxi puts Sheng, Fu, Couty three-level management system of county into practice. After entering Republic period, the Sheng, Fu is abolished Successively, the county is in charge straightly by the province-level governtnent afterwards. so it makes the administration position of city and town in county level advanced. In 1917 Yan Xi Shan carded out " area village "system after he take the regime of Shanxi. The system not noly make the city above county level reinforced the control to town low county level but also make the administration function reinforced greatly. In the tradition times, the education function is relatively weaker. The compulsory education was extended after entering Republic period, Formation of Shanxi city and town middle school is relatively complicated, now which have middle school established by the government, private middle school and church middle school at the same time. During Republican period, Of Shanxi city and town, it is the city and town in Jin Zhong area that the middle school edution is comparatively developed. Because every city and town school character is different, every Shanxi city and town middle school education had also itself characteristic respectively, displaying the characteristic diversifying. Only Taiyuan had higher education in modern times. The higher education of Taiyuan developed during the late Qing Dynasty, geting gradually more feeble after entering Republic period.During late Qing Dynasty period, the population scale level in Shanxi city and town and was in proportion with administration level. The sort Er Yan, the city and town administration level was increasingly higher, the population more. After big disasters of Shanxi, the population scale appears trend globally. The population in Shanxi city and town get a certain recovering during the Republican period, but recovering slowly. Of the city and town in Shanxi, Taiyuan is city it's population is the most, increasing the quickest。In modern times the population structure in Shanxi city and town happened very big changes, showing mainly that the number of the industrial worker, increased very greatly. The population structure of City and town had very big difference in different character in and different area. At the same time, the change of population structure of the city and town is different in different level scale level. Of the Shanxi city and town, Taiyuan is city that it' population structure change is the most, In modern times the urbanization level of Shanxi is lower. The big city is less in Shanxi, the small town accounts for more. In modern times, the quantity of big cities in Shanxi was less the quantity in HeNan ShaanXi HeBei, and the same as SuiYuan.In modern times, the outside form change of Shanxi city and town was not big, which was still basically the tradition square. In hill area, restricted because of landform, the city and town city wall form is relatively complicated and changeful. From the late Qing, with the development of railroad and highway, railway station and the bus station established, some new urban area begin to appear in the city and town along Shanxi railroad, so form structure of Shanxi city and town trend gradually complicated and changeful direction. The innier structure of Shanxi city and town also happened a certain change. In modern times, Taiyuan is city whose inner structure changed the most greatly. With the development of modern industry and traffic, there was the comparatively obvious function subarea appeared in Taiyuan, Except Taiyuan the other city and town changed little, keept original tradition scene mainly. The quantity change of City and town above county level was not change, so it was mainly showed by the quantity change of town in modern times. In tradition times, the distribution of Shanxi towns was dense in southern, sparse in northern, the dense in eastern sparse in western. after entering modern times Shanxi towns developed slowly. The overall distribution change is not big. The economic growth of southern area develop slowly, economic growth of north part area relatively prompt, so the North-South gap already had contracted greatly. Rsponding to distribution North-South gap contracted, the distribution East-West gap was expanded。Because traffic and industry scatter mainly in eastern regions in modern times, the eastern regions town quantity had increased greatly, city and town quantity in western region decreased. As far as Northern Shanxi, Middle Shanxi, West-south Shanxi, East-South Shanxi area are concerned, the towns quantity in Northern Shanxi of Shanxi increased quickly, Middle Shanxi, West-south Shanxi developed slowly, and the towns quantity is basically invariable. The towns quantity in East-South Shan decreased certainly. as far as whose structure is concerned, it was relatively unitary. With the development of modern industry, the need of coal have increased greatly, so the quantity of coal circulation increased very greatly. The transportation of Shanxi coal gives first place to railage, the quantity of coal circulation appear unceasingly to undulate with situation along the railroad turbulence.In short, judging from development characteristic of Shanxi city and town, in modern times the development of Shanxi city and town has 2 the following characteristics mainly: 1, Shanxi city and town development falls behind relatively. In modern times, not noly the quantity and distrbution but also the instructure and form all kept invariable. 2, The development of Shanxi city and town was imbalance. This imbalance is shown mainly in the respect of two: One, it was imbalance between area. In modern times,The city and town in the northern and eastern deveIoped quickly, and the city and town in the southern and western slow. Two, it is imbalance between different level city and town. The big city taking Taiyuan as representative developed quickly, but the extensive country relatively slow.