| The ages between Jiaqing and Daoguang is the key period from prosperity to depression of Qing dynasty, and it is also the eve of China turning into modern society. Poetry of this period has different style and poetic historical value from the former. This essay attempts to make the whole research of poetry between Jiaqing and Daoguang period, concretely dividing into the upper half and the under part.The upper half dissertates the culture atmosphere and parnassus style of JiaDao in general. In ancient times, China meritocracies' personality development has two threads, one is personality development chain, that is participating in society politics actively, the other is personality independence development chain. At the end of the feudalist society, meritocracies had deeper cognition to personality ideal ,that is participating more actively in organic combination with personality independence. During Jiaqing and Daoguang period, when the society was not in flux peaceful, the meritocracies discussed the society with high soterial enthusiasm, and their personality began to converse. The conversion is embodied in three aspects: Turning into active participation from retiring from the world negatively; turning into tenacious thinking from overmuch feasting; turning into requiring morality restrains from seeking for individuality liberty. By this conversion, they formed new personality, emboding three aspects -participating in society, independence oneself and rigorous autonomy. Every aspect combines with the others tightly and checks each other mutually. This makes meritocracies' personality tends to maturity entirety, and also refreshes it with thick bottom colour in its entering modern times from the classical ones. (First chapter)Facing the decaying situation, academic research in JiaDao assumed initiatively the heavy load of shaking decline,and the academic culture displayed new characteristics: academic thought showed multielement opening tendency; various academic thought all had an eye to society real and made it unified in practical use. The multivariate academic pattern made independence of learning character more obvious day by day. Effected by the new academic thought, poetics thought become to changed and formed distinct times features. It mainly includes: 1, "the thougt impenetrating in poem ". 2, "the poem and personality are consolidated ". 3, flexible and changeable. (Second chapter)The poetry between Jiaqing and Daoguang is the choice making before rich poetic inheritance. People have seen the shortage of rhyme far away from society real, and also got the deep cognition of rhyme's aesthetic feature. Consciousness of participating in politics has been awoken,the Confucian School poem religion has been emphasized again,and Shen Deqian's poem theory has got certain responding. During the turning of society, spiritualism begins to change. From Yuanmei to GongZizhen, spiritualism poets step into broad society from small circle of individual and has got spiritual sublimability .Weng Fang gang's theory is prevailing, and strong tidal current of advocating back to Song dynasty poem begins to recover. During Jiaqing and Daoguang period, a strong tendency of learing to Song dynasty poetry has formed. Generally speaking, poem during JiaDao period has developed its own feature on the basis of blending with previous achievement: describing real sentiment, being elaborate about knowledge, melting with previous learning, and coming back to nature. Three kinds of poem styles which stands for respectively ture sentiment learing to Song poem and participating politics, although every style shows different tendency in its circulation and change, they are styles runs parallel in one time, and huge poetics tidal current has merged into thereby. (Third chapter)The under part dissertates respectively poem factions and poets. Zhang Wei Ping comments on poem by "real temperament ", and he uses natural disposition to save spiritualism's "flighty" feature. Some of Zhang's poems are elegant and light, some are powerful and vigorous, some have two features at the same time. "Accordance" is Chen Hang's poem aesthetics style, and also is the difference from the natural disposition. Emotion shown by Chen's is cordial and pure, washing away frivolous lingering of natural disposition and intelligence faction. Under pushing presses of difficult and dangerous current situation, his emotion imbued with thought of worrying about the country had become heavy, and his poem had formed the "deep" characteristic. Comparing with Yuanmei,Gong Zizhen has more deep thinking and conscientious struggle. Sense of historical responsibility is united with freedom spirit. His poem is that whose the personality appears in poem. Just his own intention course achieved his poem extraordinary poem thought value. (Fourth chapter)Two men, Cheng Enze and Qi Junzao tend to learn to Du Han Su Huang. He Shaoji 's poem is embodiment of "strange interest "," leisure feeling " and of intellectual thought , and also shows spirit of worrying about the world. His art characteristic is deep but to be able to reach. He ShaoJi's poem theory is flexible; the poem does a horizontal look at every aspect, writing with great ease. He used little allusion and many objective narration, whose smooth poem style has foreboded trend of the modern poetry. (Fifth chapter)Fang Dongshu is realized to the poetics satori very much, especially more poem method. But his poems are heavy. His effect in JiaDao poetic circles is to participate in poem style change, and have carried out complement on Tong Cheng City poem method and propagates mainly. Yao Ying is sure to be good at economy, to be master the world thoroughly most in Tong Cheng City poet. He is master of history of poetry, and has got comparatively systematical poetry watch. Yao Ying's poem characteristic has desolate stretching strength; has fluent euphemistical thinking. MeiZengliang's contribution to Tong Cheng City, is mainly in publicizing to Tong Cheng City faction. Get in touch with Zeitgeist; he has payed attention to comments on individuality of poem. He has made new sentence from old; his poem is powerful and frank. (Sixth chapter)Wei Yuan emphasizes the society function of poetry, and his poetry which reflects society real is the carrier expressing political point of view. Therefore he straightens a book the person expects; the fee does not polish labor of writing in an ornate style. The writer consider that he has similarity to GuTinglin. Though "coarse clothes and tangled hair are natural", but artistic conception is natural. Difficult the national situation at a given moment summons a poet to make a vigorous start, Zhang Jiliang HuangJiaozi GuoYixiao and so on, a number of poets also have demonstrated this "coarse clothes and tangled hair ", " vigorous and powerful ".(Seventh chapter) Although the poetry between Jiaqing and Daoguang does not exceed the traditional poetry range, but its opening has provided possibility for poetry stepping off the tradition. Its learing and using of existing poetry is apparence of traditional poetry autoregulation and seeking for developmet,and also the necessary prepare for poetry entering modernization. (Concluding remarks)... |
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