A Study On The Society Transformation In Spring, Autumn And Warring States Dynasty

The spring, Autumn and Warring States Dynasty is a very importantperiod of time which inherits the past and ushers the future, because China finished thesociety transformation during this period of time. China was the consanguineous societybefore this dynasty. Right after this, it became a geological society with the heavyinfluence of the consanguineous society though. The feudal seigniors and lords sharedthe power, while after this period of history, the emperor was very much autocratic andcentralized all the power in his hand. This is an historical fact which, later on, was thefinal choice of Chinese people. This kind of choice pattern becomes the deep one ofChinese culture, which influences the society unconsciously through temporization.From Xia Dynasty, the history of China can be divided into tow stages. The Spring,Autumn and Warring States Dynasty is the transformation period of time between thetwo.The emperor in Zhou Dynasty bestowed the land and people on it to his generalsand ministers, which became a state later and the system of consanguineous politics wasestablished accordingly. On the other hand, this kind of political form became a veryimportant element which destroyed the system of consanguineous politics. In order toincrease the tax value, conscript more soldiers, the aristocrats of different ranks startedwars to contest for having more citizens. The basis of the consanguineous system,which supported the patriarchy system, was constantly destroyed. The administrativesystem of the registration book of the population was adopted, which led the end of theconsanguineous system and the establishment of the geological prefecture and countysystem and finally, the centralization of the national power system was established. TheSpring, Autumn and Warring States Dynasty saw the detailed changes it.The registration book of the population, made by the government, is to controlpeople effectively. The basis of this policy lies in the equal rights of people. There'remany elements to adopt this policy tax increasing, feudal destroying, for instance. Themost important motivation of it is to enlarge the amount of conscription. The reformstarted from the Mid and late of the Spring, Autumn and Warring States period andaccelerate year by year till the Warring States Period, it because the new foundation of the central government. Compare to the power decentralization in the system ofconsanguineous politics. The power centralization in seven powerful states in theWarring period of time became the embryo and basis of the United government in Qingand Han Dynasty.There are, from the politics view, three conditions of the power centralization ofthe geological politics. First of all, instead of the aristocrats, the government controlsthe national human resources. Second, the government, instead of receiving thecontributions from the aristocrats of the different ranks, taxes and natural rent andcontrols the resources of the national taxes. Last, the nation, ruler rather than thearistocrats, has the super power of the county. Legal right is to admit ruler's status bylaw. The monarch who represents the government is the ruler; the people are ruled byhim. The essences of the existence of the government are population, finance, and tax.They are land and people oriented. The book Da Xue says the ruler with good moralitywould be supported by people who contribute land to him on which he gains the financeand use it. Hence the administrative system of the registration of controlling book of thepopulation, finance, and taxes controlled by the central government, is the fundamentalelement to improve the social transformation in this period of time.The State of Qi started to organize the society geologically control people by thestate force this is absolutely different from the traditional consanguineous system Mr.Guan Zhong, the priminister of Qi, used different ways to manage the land and people.both in cities and rural areas. The state administrative management was associated bymilitary force. People were ruled by different administrative areas according to theirjobs. This is, by itself the subversion of the traditional basis of blood inlleage, it is alsoan exploration of a new social organization. So Mr. Guan Zhong's administration in QiState begins the society transformation.Zu Zhoubing, a record in the book Zuozhuan Lu Xiigong Year 15 refers to theexpansion of the (in Jin state) conscription. People from lowest class served the militarywhich they never did before. 50 years later that is 590 BC. State Lu started Zuo Qiujia,the expansion of the conscription.In 538 BC 28th year of Zheng Jiangong's administration, and the policy of ZuoQiufu which was adopted in State Zheng. All those represent the reforms. All citizensshould serve the army is set up legally. This is the only way leads to the geologicalprefectures and counties from the consanguineous politics system. The Prefecture and County System, the typical example of the geological society,started from the mid Spring and Autumn Dynasty. Its three stages are; Xian Bipromoted counties governed by the King, Du Yi, earlier town's, Xian Zhi, a county, anadministrative central, West Zhou and earlier Spring and Autumn Dynasty belong to thefirst type, which is the geologically organized. Xian Yi, the period from theMid-Spring-and-Autumn to Warring State, is geologically organized and owns somefoundations of local government. In Warring State, Prefecture County which iscompletely local organized and becomes regime basis of new monarchy country.The centralization system is that all power is centralized by the central government.Its own characteristics are the following. First in political, economy, military and evenculture, local governments must obey and follow the control of the central government.Second,as aid of the local government control officials attaches due importance of theappointment and supervision by central government. Third the local government mustbe responsibility to the central government and strictly obey the higher officials and allthe way to the central government, which controls all things.The guideline of the land system in West Zhou Dynasty is based on theconsanguineous patriarchy. It appears the consanguineous aristocrat's land tenure. Infeudal system land is owned and divided by both the officials and the higher one and allthe way to the emperor. The lands, on the other hand, are, by the emperor bestowed tothe high rank aristocrats who bestowed their land to the lower nobleman directly. So onand forth, the aristocrats have part ownership to the land.All Kingdoms tried new ways to manage the land and people from the Spring andAutumn so as to reach the purpose of state lichen and military enforcement. In Qipeople are taxed by land differences.It is Lu State that tax people y land. Landdistribution system accomplished in the Warring State Dynasty, which is a new way tomanage the land based on the administrating system of registration book of thepopulation. The typical example is the land system after Shang Yang'sin the state ofWest and Li Kui'sin Qing State.With the changing of the political and economical systems, the consanguineoussociety is destroyed. The intelligentsia becomes independent from the aristocrats andtries to form an independent class.It is responsible for carrying on the morality. Whenthe geological politics society came into being, the intelligentsia tries very hard to closeup the government and gradually lost their limited independent status. They, then, perused the morality perfection of the inner world. Hence, the responsibility ofsupervising the government was lost gradually. It objectively helped the formation ofthe ancient monarchy system.The social characters are different before and after the society transformation, butthey are related. Owing to the culture temporization, many elements of theconsanguineous society are reminded in the geological society after the transformation.As one of the achievements of the civilization golden age, the movements of hundredsof schools of thought striving helped to form the excellent social culture characterwhich is inheriting and respective.Some positive elements disappeared at the same time. As a result, we have not onlyto recall the geological politics system after the transformation, but also to look back thesystem of consanguineous politics before it.