Exploring Possible Paths For Discussing Literature

With the society entering into a business and photo aesthetic time and the end of old ideology in the 1990s, literary criticism experienced a great transformation. This transformation was a reconstructive procedure by the validity principle of new discourse, which was a disintegration and reconstruction process by the validity way of relating aesthetic/form, relating liberation of the man, relating consolidated historical sense. The literary criticism developed from revolving a fixed center to non-center: aesthetic changing from pure form to broad aesthetic; people from the modern to the post-modern; history from the line to the emanation or reversion. Meanwhile, this procedure was the inner requirement for the development of criticism itself; the validity principle of traditional literary criticism has mutational embodiment in the literary criticism discourse. If we say traditional literary criticism was characterized by the high construction of meta-discourse and qualified political legitimating, the validity of criticism discourse was in a mixed period in 1990s: one was holding part true of the construction principle of meta-discourse in relating ; the other one was the broad use of diversity principles in different speeches.With the end or transformation of old political ideology and the receding of pioneer literary from the end of 1980s to the beginning of 1990s, the political legitimacy criterion of literary criticism lost its capability of operating itself, and meanwhile, form/aesthdtic lost its opposition as contradiction and its pioneering significances as thought resistance. The criticism based on scientific validity secured the literary itself, but lost popularity day by day. Therefore, literary criticism turned from aesthetic/form to value, history and society, and aesthetic was inevitably broadened.The liberation of people was still regarded as Archimedes point in 1990s; however, the paths of liberty were all different. The humanism discussion started from 1994 tried to reconstruct a kind of essential validity of speeches, which became a dividing point of mental split. Although ambition and majesty were still insisted on by many people, they should know how to coexist with appetite and sentiment with no ranking cosmos. Talking about the man in literal activity from ecological angle means the end of the humanism, but the starting point based on humanity in the 1990s'literary criticism could not be vacillated.In the 1990s, seeking the historical truth (experience history) and provoking the value of history (effective history) were still regarded the validity basis of literary speech activities. However, critics held different opinions towards the truth and value of history. The speech relating of history in neo-historicism novel , the new narration of literary history , and the conflict of the historical reason and humanism care in the novel on"realism conflicts"showed that 1990s experienced the transformation from line history to emanation or reversion history.The transformation of literary criticism in 1990s contained both optimistic relativism and pessimistic nihilism. In order to step out of the crisis, we should be precautious of the cancellation of literary criticism contained in relativism on one hand , and reconstruct a belief based on recognition on the other hand.