The Perspective On Continued Rural Modernization Of China From 1949 To 1978

It was an important time interval for China From 1949 to 1978.In this time, china carried on the socialism modernization exploration revolving the realization industrialization economic development strategy under the China communist leadership. The country also had carried on a series of modernized exploration in the rural at the same time, and had some breakthrough in certain domains. Because of the system, in addition to Giving priority to development the heavy industry revolving the economic development strategy, the rural became a base providing fund and Raw material for the city and industry . Then the rural modernization fall into slow condition and become the weakest link on the social modernization chain link. This article take Shandong Province as an example, make a perspective on the Chinese rural modernization progress in 29 years.It is the Primary coverage to make a system research on the progress of Rural modernization, the slow progress of Rural modernization , and the reason which Causes the progress to be slow from the economy, politics, and cultural three aspects in this article.The part I Study has been to the progress of Chinese rural modernization exploration from 1949 to 1978. After the founding of the nation, China had also made some progress in the rural modernization exploration. In the economical aspect, mainly includes the agriculture modernization and the rural industrialization. In the agriculture modernization ,To realize the agricultural large-scale management through the collectivization of agriculture, start construction the irrigation and water conservation, made agricultural technology innovations ,such as mechanization, electrification in the large-scale management foundation; Rural industrialization Developed through Establishing Agricultural community team industry. In the political aspect, peasant association's creation has raised farmer's organization consciousness; The rural develop the villages and towns democracy to be organic, hold the general election, caused the farmer to take the master of the country participation in government and deliberation over governmental affairs, has carried on a democratic political training to the farmer; the social rescue and five guarantees system, and the cooperative medical treatment system Has been established, which provide certain social security for the farmer, also has guaranteed the rural society's order movement. In the cultural aspect, the country has made series of measure to promote the rural school edition popularization, especially done much work on the eliminate illiteracy and the rural vocational-technical education; The revolutionary culture input the rural, Bring varying degree Impact and Influence on the ingrained traditional culture in the ruralThe part II Study has been to the slow progress of Chinese rural modernization from 1949 to 1978. In Chinese rural from 1949 to 1978, series of modernity or destructive factor to the traditional society had been produced in the economy, politics, or cultural stratification plane, thus promoted the Chinese village society reform from tradition to modern. But as a result of all sorts of historical factor intriguing influence, the Chinese rural modernization progress was extremely slow, the disparity between City and rural was enlarging day by day, the rural becomes an isolated region in the city and rural dual structure. In economical aspect, although some new phenomena has appeared, such as the land large-scale management, the promotion and application of agricultural modern production technology, the start of rural industrialization and so on. But these factors couldn't display the potential effectively. The development of rural economy was very hard, which caused Hindrance for the economical modernization progress. In the political aspect, the nation peasant association plays the role under the control of the state power; also rely on the state for obtaining material support. So its affects was very limitedly. The peasant association has become the class struggle tool completely in the Great Cultural Revolution time; as a collection of politics, economy, the community organize with a body, the establishment of people's commune system caused the rural to be in the paramilitary frame. The farmer only had authority to work, but had no freedom to discuss the allocation scheme and maintain the benefit according to their wish; The social security and the public good horizontal level of rural were extremely low because of the low rural economy level and without fund provided by the government. In the cultural aspect, the education level in rural was proper low after the founding of the People's Republic because of the terrible foundation and few fund from the government; The revolutionary culture didn't completely control and substitute the traditional culture in village, simultaneously the revolutionary culture was not modern culture in the true sense. So that the Chinese rural modernized progress was quite difficult and slowly from 1949 to 1978.The part HI Study has been to the reason of that the Chinese rural modernization progress was proper slow from 1949 to 1978.There were several reasons for this problem, the article has mainly carried on the analysis from following several aspects. first, that the economy developmental strategy focusing on the central task of industrialization caused the rural become a base providing fund, raw material for the industry and the urban construction, which brought much pressure for the rural economy, the ways of funds accumulation was much few in rural; Second, the collective ownership of farmland has hinder the production efficiency of land and agriculture. Under this kind of farmland system, that obtain the most benefits was the country, the farmer had no feeling on the land and shortage of enthusiasm, he production benefit was very difficult to enhance effectively; Third, the non-benign movement between the national—basic unit cadre—farmer has hindered the rural modernized progress. During the process, the social struggle would become more acute while the conflict between the administration system could not be resolved effectively. The social progress has been disturbed .Fourth, the population counter brought many pressures for the rural, the rural has become a decompressing region of the city, simultaneously China's city and rural dual structure has also been strengthened by this kind population flowing, the rural become an isolated region, which has hindered the Chinese rural modernization progress.There are several innovations in writing this paper.First in the research technique, take the history research technique as the foundation, I utilize sociology on-the-spot investigation method, the economic graph analysis and the numeral statistical method, the demography population mobile theory and so on, take multiple perspectives and multi-field of vision perspective from 1949 to 1978 the Chinese rural modernization advancement. Next in the research content, this article mdde economy, politics,culture three-dimensional dissects Chinese rural modernization course, and framed the field of vision in 1949 to 1978.1n this time,I comb its development vein, unscrambled its development condition and analyzes the complex historical factor.Which will provide the model and the enlightenment for the next rural modernization advancement. Once more in material utilization, this article utilize plenty of tradition reference material, assembly literature material, reference foundations and so on in correlation monograph, paper, but also goes to the rural to make on-the-spot investigation, collects accounts orally material to utilize in the paper, this has increased the bright memory and the lower level populace's sound for the article, has enriched the historical connotation.Through taking Shandong Province as the example,this article made rural modernization course perspective from 1949 to 1978 Chinese, summarized following several models: First, the rural modernization is an inalienable part in the entire social modernization chain link; Second, the rural modernization is more than stratification planes, the multiple perspectives three-dimensional concept; Third, the rural modernization is a process which proceeds in an orderly way; Fourth, farmer's modernization is the core content of the rural modernization; Fifth, the industrialization and the urbanization must the synchronization carry on. Compares with the reform before, today's rural has already had the very sweeping change,for instance farmer's living condition has the improvement.But some question in former days once affects the Chinese rural modernization advancement still exist today, some is even also more prominent. For example the city and rural population income, the living standard, cultural stratification plane disparity daily enlarging, the factor of limits the rural population flowing in the city still exist and so on.The rural already became the weakest link in entire social modernization chain link, and became the barrier on the entire social road of the modernization. The Chinese government has already realized this question gravity, has established the strategy of being subsided the agriculture by the indurstry. from 2006, the government reduced the complete agricultural tax, and drew up the development mentality of construction socialism new rural. This indicated the government has more and more reguard rural this giant and the backward region as important, also more and more realize the vital significance of the rural modernization to entire social modernization. In the process of solving this question, absorbs experiences and profits from the new Chinese rural modern course, may enable us to gain certain inspirations, also may reduce some barrier in the road of rural modernization.this is precisely the main purpose of this article.