The Formation Of Modern Chinese State: 1842-1953

It's taken as the most important issue in the dissertation that how modern state is formed in a super-sized community devoid of capital. By discussing and comparing the five primary Political Groups-- Manchu and Han bureaucracy, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Beiyang Group, Kuomintang, and CCP—, which tentatively pushed forward the state formation when the exterior impact was driving the Traditional China into disintegration, the paper chronically analyzes the restrictions that the dominative structures inside those Groups when forming state had imposed on their actions in terms of capital extraction, internal control and competitor elimination. It's showed in the research that the first four groups seriously lacked capital which could be necessarily used in forming state for they had to spend a lot of capital keeping themselves running due to patronage, the dominative structure they adopted. So they were NOT competent to build a united state, though some groups among them adopted the same political system as Modern Western countries had done but with the state ability at the same level as the Traditional Chinese State. CCP, on the contrary, has been adopting democratic centralism, which ensures the group high efficiency by means of more manpower and the least capital. So they succeeded in forming modern state against the same background of capital deficiency. CCP has triumphantly built up its own state, PRC who possesses the same and even superior national ability as and over that of the western states in the formation of state.