"Ci Lin Zheng Yun" Study

Ci Lin Zheng Yun is the most influential book in the field of lexical rhyme study in Qing Dynasty,and the collection of lexical rhyme books,which symbolizes the final success of summary work done by lexicographers of Qing Dynasty.Gezai's division of 19 rhymes has been highly regarded as orthodox edition by a great many lexicographers and phonologists while all those that are unconfirmed to it are considered unorthodox.Although different opinions on the division of this book have been put forward,its authoritative position cannot be challenged.It is firmly believed that Gezai's efforts made on the summary of rhyme rules of Song iambics should be appreciated.Ci Lin Zheng Yun is of great value to people of Qing in composing the lines of the poetry and the making the study phonology.Although there were some mistakes when some examples were adapted from Jiyun,yet these mistakes can be forgiven. Based on the present study of modern phonology theory,my essay deals with the heritage relationship of Ci Lin Zheng Yun and other phonology books and at the same time,summarizing the good points and weak points of Ci Lin Zheng Yun and of other relevant phonology books.The whole essay consists of the following Seven parts.The first part is about the compiling purpose and the stylistic rules and layout of Ci Lin Zheng Yun.Gezai's Ci Lin Zheng Yun is aimed at correcting the mistakes in rhyme in Qing Dynasty,helping people increase the awareness of phonology of ci,finally setting up the norm of phonology of ci.Gezai started with the truth of creativity of Song iambic verse,sorted out and analyzed the ways of using rhymes by the poets in Tang and Song Dynasties,and probed into the rules of phonology of Song iambic verse.The book uses the rhyme of poems as its reference system to combine the rhymes of poems,thus to form the system of rhymes of ci.Gezai's study of entering tone provides certain foundation for the study of the division and shift of entering tone in the Song Dynasty.The second part discusses the relationship between Ci Lin Zheng Yun and Ci Yun Lue.Through the comparison of Ci Lin Zheng Yun,Ci Yun Lue by Shen Qian,Xue Song Zhai Ci Yun by Wu Lang,Ciyun by Zhong Heng and Wan Cui Xuan Ci Yun,I try to probe into the lesson drawn by Ci Lin Zheng Yun from the previous phonology books thus to summarize the developing process of phonology books of Qing Dynasty.In the aspect of reconstructing the division of phonology,Ci Lin Zheng Yun has inherited the division method of Ci Yun Lue by Shen Qian,Ciyun by Zhong Heng and Wan Cui Xuan Ci Yun.In the marking of catalog words of rimes it has followed the method of Xue Song Zhai Ciyun and Jiyun.So there exists inheritance relationship between Ci Lin Zheng Yun and Ci Yun Lue,Xue Song Zhai Ci Yun,Ciyun and Wan Cui Xuan Ci Yun.The third part centers on the relationship between Ci Lin Zheng Yun and Guangyun and Jiyun.Through the comparison of representative words and Fanqie of Ci Lin Zheng Yun,Guangyun and Jiyun,I intend to seek out the origin of the rime words and Fanqie of Ci Lin Zheng Yun.In order to strengthen the authority position of Ci Lin Zheng Yun,Gezai,he specially showed emphasis on the characteristic of "being ancient".He determined the representative words mainly based on Jiyun,and sometimes consulting Guangyun.On the other hand it was not restricted within the area of Guangyun and Jiyun but added some subrimes and rime words.From his effors of reconstructing of rime radicals,we can see Gezai's orthodox thinking and motivation of setting up the norm of writing ci for the people of Qing Dynasty.The fourth part studies the entering tone used as the rime words which were mainly adapted from the book Ci Lin Yun Shi.Ci Lin Zheng Yun has inherited relationship with Ci Lin Yun Shi.But this point has be unnoticed by people.Our findings and conclusion have provided foundation for the idea of ci rime books inherited Yuan verse rime books.Gezai's decision of the division of entering words,for one part,considered the way of using rimes by the Song people,traditional rime books and the phonetic system of the southern dialects, thus to divide the entering tone into five parts,and for another,he merged the entering tone into ping,shang and qu tones in the light of the influence of northern mandarin dialect and Zhong Yuan Yin Yun.Gezai stood by Wan shuci's idea of "Entering tone has merged into the other three tones" and he specifically incorporated the entering tone words which had lost the rime ending into rime parts with yin tones.And the book Fafan had five examples of entering tones which proved that in the period of Song Dynasty,the phonetic phenomenon of "entering tone emerging into the other three tones" was really the case.The fifth part is about Ci Lin Zheng Yun's tone system.Going deep into the the book,we have carried out meticulous analysis to it's the tone system.In the aspect of consonants,we have summed up that Ci Lin Zheng Yun has forty-one consonants,which is the same with Jiyun.This showed that the tone system of Ci Lin Zheng Yun is consistent with Jiyun.As for the vowel aspect, nineteen rhymes that union Song rhyme of poems example considered,it is found that only in general,the division of Ge Zai accords with the rhyme reality of Song iambic verse,there also exist a few problems among them.Ci Lin Zheng Yun put Disheartened bribe Team inside the third part,which generally can be used simultaneously with the zhi,zhi,zhi,wei and qi.,but the reality is that it is created according to the phonological rules made in Zhong Yuan Yin Yun,which is not consistent with the rhyme habits of the Song people. The five Entering tones should be divided into four,and the fifteenth the sixteenth of the subsections are rational,while the seventeenth,eighteenth and the nineteenth should be combined into one.The tones of Ci Lin Zheng Yun fall into four tone categories,only one level tone,which,makes no difference of Yin and Yang.The sixth part is maily about the words usage in Ci Lin Zheng Yun.In Ci Lin Zheng Yun the Fanqieshangzi mostly conform to the consonants of the cut word,but some mistakes are not avoided.As far as we are concerned,as a book considered as the authority position by the lexical field,it is also natural to have some mistakes such as the mistake of Fanqie in Jiyun,to put it in details, it is when GeZai did do any further research and used it without any consideration when he applied Fanqie.We once compared Ci Lin Zheng Yun, Guangyun and Jiyun,and got eleven mistakes as the examples to show the same mistakes made by both Ci Lin Zheng Yun and Jiyun,and at last corrected all of them.In Ci Lin Zheng Yun many seldom used words are included. Making a comparison in their pronounciation in different stage,we find that their pronounciation is relatively stable because they are seldom used,and even some of the pronunciations have already coagulated.The reason why these seldom-used words are included in it is mostly that the rhymes in ancient times shoud be passed.Another reason is that there is few changes in their pronounciation.From out point of view,it is the same reason why they are concluded in both Guanyun and Jiyun.Till now this phenomenon has not aroused any attention in the academic field.This is the first time that we, initially,have covered this problem from academic field on this phenomenon.The seventh part talks about the great value and effect of Ci Lin Zheng Yun.Ci Lin Zheng Yun represents the maximal level in phonological studies. Though Ge Zai has only summed up the basic rules in rhyme,yet by seeking the rhyme rules,combining the separate rules,sorting out them,his contribution is so great for the coming poets.From then on,there exist the new rhyme rules.So his work is of theoretical significance,as well as practical significance.In Ci Lin Zheng Yun Fafan,his narration on the historical progress in rhyme study,has provided rich and valuable material for further study in rhyme rules in Song Dynasty.The branch of Ci Lin Zheng Yun is the result of his precious work of summary,which plays an important role in studying the rhyme rules further.Ge Zai and his work Ci Lin Zheng Yun have contributed a lot to the creation of rhyme rules,to sum it up,the most significant contribution lies in this.