A Study About The Regional Of The Tombs In The South Area Of The Song Dynasty And Some Problems Related To These Tombs

There are many cultural relics of The Song Dynasty, the tombs is one of the most typical relics. The studies about the tombs of the Song Dynasty in the south of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River, which based on the continuity of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, would expose the burial custom and its changes much better. This article is composed of five chapters.Chapter I: Introduction. This chapter introduces the time and space of this research, The tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty were continuous developing, and the North area of Song Dynasty was controlled by Jin Dynasty when the North Song Dynasty was destroyed. The features had the continuance of the tombs in the north area, but they belonged to the different Dynasty in historical stage. So, this article chooses the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty as the study object. Then it reviews the brief history of the discovery about the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty, and divides the history into five stages. At the same time, it summarizes the brief history of the studies by other researchers about the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty, and classifies the studies to five types, and concludes the development of the progress. Through the brief history about the discoveries and the studies of the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty, it recovers that the discoveries and the studies are increasing and deepening with the passage of time. At the same time, it points out some insufficiencies of the studies about the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty.Chapter II: The partition about the areas and stages of the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty. By sorting out the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty, which had been reported yet, this chapter divides the tombs of the Song Dynasty in the South China into nine main areas and some subareas. They are the area of the upper reaches of the Changjiang River(divides into three subareas: the subarea of the middle Chengdu Plain, the subarea of the Chongqing-Dazu and the subarea of the upper reaches of the Hanshui River), the area of the water gap of the Changjiang River, the area of the plain during the Changjiang River and the Hanshui River(divides into two subareas: the subarea of the middle reaches of the Changjiang River and the middle reaches of the Hanshui River), the area of the Xiangjiang River, the area of the Ganjiang River, the area of the lower reaches of the Changjiang River, the area of the Minjiang River, the area of the Zhujiang River, the area in the south of the Wujiang River and the north of the Hongshuihe River. Then it studies the main shapes of the tombs of these and the main burial articles of these areas by the visual angle of typology. The shapes of the tombs include the various types of brick-made, stone-made, mud puddle and some others, the burial articles include porcelain, glazed pottery, earthenware, wood or clay figures, bronze mirror, copper cash, epigraph, the certificate to buy the land, gold and silver utensils, and some others. Every area and subarea has its own developing trajectory, and based on the periodical characteristics of the different areas, this chapter divides the history of the tombs of different areas and subareas into different stages. The area with much more materials could be divided into detailed historical stages, or we can recognize its development well, for example, the subarea of the middle Chengdu Plain, and the area of the Ganjiang River, and the area of the lower reaches of the Changjiang River, and so on. But if the area has less materials or the materials are useless, we could merely conclude the historical stage in general terms, for example the area of the Xiangjiang River, and area of the Zhujiang River, and the area in the south of the Wujiang River and the north of the Hongshuihe River, and so on.Chapter III: The introduction of the characteristics of each area and the investigation about the reasons how taking shape in these areas. Based on the space and time research of Chapter II, this chapter concludes the main characteristics of the tombs and the burial articles of each area, which is different from the other areas. Then it discusses the reasons about the formation of these characteristics, which include the social economic factor, the religious factor, the geographical features and the cultural interchange. Compare to the historical stages, it exposes that the stages of the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty were so much related to the social and economic development of Song Dynasty, the cultural tradition, people's migration and communication.Chapter IV: The regional identity about the tombs of different areas in South Song Dynasty. This chapter concludes the identities about the principle of subarea, the historical development, the shape of the tombs, the burial articles, and the religious belief. Then it concludes the reasons about the formation of these identities, which was the result of the physical geography, the social economics, the regional communications, and the religious influence. In these factors, the people moved to the south area that lived in the North Song Dynasty when the South Song Dynasty had established exactly, the influence by these people was common, and the communication of the main factions of Taoism is also clear in some main areas of the south area.Chapter V: The investigation about some related problems of the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty. Based on the former researches, it concludes the methods about the judgment of the tombs'chronology in the Song Dynasty, and advances the principle of the judgment. It raises that the method recorded to the chronological record things, and the method recorded to the comparison with the other wares, and the method recorded to the copper cash should be used comprehensively to estimate the time of these tombs. Through the combination of the statistics and the historical documents,it discusses the representations and the reasons about the intervals of buries and the different social stratum of the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty. It points out that the intervals of buries and the different social estate of the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty are related to the too much stress on the funeral service, and the difference between the different social stratum, and the degree of tightness of the control by the government. Through the comparison between the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty and the former Dynasties and the other Dynasty of the corresponding period, and by counting up the appear ratio about the gold and silver utensils, and the bronze utensils, and the lacquer wares of the tombs in the South area of the Song Dynasty, it advances that the society in the South Song Dynasty paid more attention to the funeral service,and neglected the burial articles comparatively.Chapter VI: Final report. This chapter makes a summary of the former five chapters, and makes a summary and an appraisal of this article's studies. During the study, we are aware of that the studies about the tombs of The Song Dynasty is rather limited to the imbalance of the discoveries and the burglary, and hopes that the discoveries from now on would provide more assistance to the coming studies.